Arrangement sewer system requires the most scrupulous attitude to all stages of the process, including depth, slope, reliability of connections. Each of these factors has a great influence on the quality of the entire system. Negligence is unacceptable here, if there is no self-confidence, it is better to turn to professionals.

Laying depth of the sewer system

Modern sewer systems significantly improve the standard of living in a private house. If in previous years a toilet on the street was perceived as an unpleasant necessity, inseparable from a private house, today it is a sign of laziness of the owners or their extremely low income. Moreover, in the first case, you can get out of the situation by hiring professionals who will perform absolutely all the work.

The depth of the pipeline depends on the depth of the septic tank.

Advice! The pipe laid between the building and the septic tank must be straight. Knees, turns will provoke the appearance of blockages.

Before arranging the sewer system, you should find out what is the average freezing depth in your area. Pipes need to be laid a little lower than these figures. Usually, the depth at which sewer pipes are located in a private house in the south is more than 50 cm. In the central part of the country, where the climate is harsher, the depth of sewerage in a private house is at least 70 cm. These figures are especially significant if sewer pipes are located under the platforms or under the paths, which in winter period free from snow.

Features of laying sewer pipes

Laying sewer pipes must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:

• pipes of the required diameter must be used;
• must be respected standard rate slope (about 0.03 m per 1 running meter pipes);
• it is permissible to use pipes from different materials, but in one pipeline, the pipes must match in material.

The depth of the pipeline can be determined based on the following points:

• the nature of the site (its relief, soil features);
• the exit point of the sewer pipe from the house.

The angle of inclination is needed so that the wastewater flows by gravity, in this case it is not necessary to install a pump, excess dirt will not accumulate inside the pipe, which can cause blockages. For the same purpose, the outer part of the system is performed without turns. Here, indoors, the sewerage laying scheme in a private house allows pipe turns, this will not become a serious obstacle to the functionality of the system. If you allow the outer part of the sewer system to turn, then you will definitely have to tear off these pipes,. Consequently, neglect of these rules can create very serious problems that are not always really quickly solved.

Advice! If it is impossible to lay a sewer pipe without turns, a well must be made at the place of the turn, into which it will always be possible to penetrate and eliminate the blockage in this area. This approach allows you to lay sewer pipeline in any area.

Why is laying depth important?

The main reason for the need for too careful attention to the depth of pipe laying is the possibility of freezing. If this happens in the middle of winter, the residents of the house will be left without the ability to use the sewer until warm days, when the icing melts. Even minimal ice buildup inside the pipes will lead to blockages and a decrease or complete cessation of patency. This is a natural result of the narrowing of the lumen of the pipe. Getting rid of emerging blockages in places where pipes turn into outdoor system wells contribute.

Such convenient fixture allows you to control the work of the sewerage, in time to eliminate emerging problems. It is not very difficult to make it, but it brings a lot of comfort to the operation process.

Accounting for the depth of soil freezing is a fundamental requirement. In order not to spend money on arranging deeper trenches than necessary, you need to have a clear idea of ​​​​the depth of soil freezing in a given area. Below is a table to help guide you in this matter.

How to properly equip thermal insulation?

In cold regions, it is recommended to supplement the sewer pipeline with thermal insulation. This technique allows you to extend the service life, eliminate the possibility of freezing at very low temperatures. Most often, polyurethane foam is taken for this purpose. If the pipe is wrapped with polyurethane foam, and a polyethylene sheath is made on top, the pipe will not be afraid of frost.

If pipes are laid below the possible freezing point, then the pipes will never freeze. In this case, additional protection is made in case of extreme cold. When performing thermal insulation Special attention give joints and turning points. It is these zones that tolerate the effects of cold quite poorly. So warming the turning points is a must.

In Europe, a more technologically advanced method is used. An electric cable is launched near the pipeline; if necessary, it acts as a heater for the pipe. For many residents of our country, this method is too expensive, because paying for energy is not the smallest item of expenditure. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the depth of pipe laying. In the central regions, it is better to choose a depth of 1m. And in the northern regions, it is desirable to dig deeper trenches and carry out high-quality thermal insulation. To do this, you can either fiberglass. If the pipes are located above the ground, they are also insulated similar materials. Since they can fill with water, .

Video - Installation of external sewerage and insulation

The interior of the sewer system of a private house

For uninterrupted operation sewers must comply with the requirements for the diameter of the pipes:

• toilet, shower, bath, pool - 10 - 11 cm;
• sink - 5 cm;
• riser - 10 - 11 cm.

Video - Proper installation of sewer pipes

The external part of the sewer system of a private house

The main requirement is to ensure proper bias. Only proper drain- drift. Too much low speed will lead to blockages. Too fast movement of effluents - to accelerate the destruction of pipes.

The sewerage laying scheme in a private house includes a characteristic of the features of the pipe exit from the room. The rules for removing a pipe from a house depend on the type of foundation. At strip foundation the output is arranged on the side. With slab - the pipe is laid from top to bottom, for this a pipe section and a 45 ° elbow are used. To equip the sewer, a pipe-sleeve is laid in the foundation in advance, through which the main pipeline is then removed. Such a base is needed to protect the pipeline from excessive pressure and potential destruction.

In the photo - The standard depth of laying the sewer pipe.

In order not to be mistaken in the depth of laying the pipe, you need to find out how things are with the neighbors who have already equipped their own drain. If they have problems with pipe freezing, you need to dig your pipe deeper. No matter how deep the pipe lies, in any case, a slope is needed. Usually they make 2 - 3 cm per linear meter.

1. Must be done first detailed diagram piping inside the house. This will reduce time and financial costs by providing all the best options.
2. Pipes run towards the riser or to the septic tank, sharp corners excluded.
3. The riser on each floor must be equipped with a tee designed to service the sewer system for quick cleaning.

Reading time ≈ 13 minutes

Thanks to modern technologies in a private house it is quite possible to equip an effective sewerage system with your own hands, knowing general principles devices, scheme, laying depth and other nuances. Primitive toilets and quickly fade into the past and are replaced modern systems leads Wastewater. They do not emit an unpleasant odor, effectively cope with the removal of waste and provide high level comfort for residents. In our material, we will tell you how to independently make a sewer for your home, what to consider when designing, how to install it.

Sewerage in a private house.

General principles of sewerage

Definitely, the easiest option is when the house can be connected to the city sewer, but not all private plots have such an opportunity. Therefore, you have to think about your own autonomous wastewater disposal system. Usually, the internal communications device in the first and second cases is the same, but the external device is different.

The internal system consists of plumbing fixtures, small diameter pipes attached to them, which in turn are connected to wider pipes and go to the riser. Through it, sewage enters a horizontal wide pipe and is discharged outside. The boundary element of the internal and outdoor sewerage is the point of withdrawal of effluents to the outside. Further, through wide pipes, water enters the treatment plant or central sewerage.

The internal network of pipes and external communications form one single system.

When designing a sewage disposal system, it is worth considering a number of nuances and rules:

In general, the arrangement of the sewage system for country house can be divided into the following works:

• internal - laying communications in all wet rooms (lavatory, kitchen, bathroom), installation of a riser and a fan pipe;
• external - installation of an autonomous treatment plant (we will consider the types of installations below) and the supply of pipes in it.

Communications inside the house

Ideally, it is necessary to think over the device of the drain system even at the design stage of the dwelling, placing all wet rooms close to each other, because a number of difficulties can arise with the finished building. The location of internal communications in the house can be absolutely anything and is selected individually for each building. In the photo below, we have given an example of piping inside the building.

Sewerage system in a private house.

Waste system design

First of all, it is worth drawing up exactly the scheme of the future sewerage. Detail drawing will allow you to see the work plan, make a list necessary materials, make a cost calculation. To draw up a plan, arm yourself with a ruler or tape measure, a pencil and a sheet of graph paper.

Instructions for drawing up a sewage disposal project:

1. Draw the plan of the house to scale.
2. Indicate where the riser will be installed and the outlet of the sewer to the outside - this is what you need to build on when compiling the rest of the pipe layout.
3. In each wet room, designate the planned plumbing fixtures (washbasins, taps, toilets, showers), and also indicate the connection method.
4. Draw the course of the pipeline from plumbing fixtures to the riser, indicating the connecting elements.
5. Make up detailed plan for each residential level of the building.
6. Calculate the length of all communications inside the house up to the point of outputs to the outside.

Pipe selection

One of the key elements of the system is the pipeline. The characteristics of pipes for operation inside and outside the house are different.

For each type of plumbing, the required pipe width is selected, which is presented in more detail in the table:

Pipe width for each plumbing fixture.

The central riser pipe can be narrow (about 50 mm) for a one-story building without a toilet. V otherwise(if a toilet is connected and the house has two or more floors) you need a wide riser up to 10-11 cm.

With the pipe diameter indicated in the table, the following distances to the riser should be observed:

• from the toilet a maximum of 1 m;
• from other devices a maximum of 3 m.

If the length to the riser is longer, it is necessary to choose pipes larger diameter.

Today, pipes are traditionally made from polypropylene (PP pipes) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC pipes). Let's take a closer look at their characteristics:

Characteristics of materials for the manufacture of sewer pipes.

Also worth mentioning cast iron pipes- durable, reliable, strong. But they are distinguished by a high price, they can rust from the inside, leading to clogging, and heavy. In addition, the installation process is quite complicated. Today, pipes made of this material are practically not used, since pipes made of PP or PVC are not inferior in their characteristics.

Pipes for external and internal sewerage.

Riser and fan pipe

The riser is the main element of the waste disposal system, through which all sewage is directed outside.

The main nuances in the device of the riser:

At the top, passing into fan pipe, the riser provides sewer ventilation, provides required pressure in the system, prevents the occurrence of unpleasant odors. In small one-story buildings, where there is no risk of a large one-time drain (from the bathtub, toilet bowl and sink), the fan pipe can not be equipped.

Important! The distance between the fan pipe and balconies / windows should be at least 4 m, with an elevation above the roof of at least 0.7 m. Also keep in mind that the ventilation of the house, the fan pipe, the chimney should be located at different heights.

Fan pipe in the sewerage system.

You can mount the riser in an open or closed way. At the bottom, it goes into a horizontal wide pipe - a collector that goes out.

Laying and connecting pipes

After choosing the pipes, the most time-consuming, but extremely milestone- laying and distributing of the pipeline. For the installation of sewers, it is better to hire experienced specialists, and if you have the knowledge and skills, take someone as your assistant to speed up the process.

Highlights of pipe installation:

Also, when laying an intra-house pipeline, it is important to know where the installation of sewer networks is prohibited:

• in any living rooms;
• on the kitchen;
• in the walls between rooms and the floor;
• under the ceiling.

Video: installation of domestic sewage.

Removal of the sewer

As we indicated earlier, even at the stage of designing a house, it is worth determining the place of the riser and the outlet of the sewer, since already at the stage of laying the foundation it will be necessary to make the appropriate holes. If at the stage of laying the foundation a hole for the sewer was not made, it must be done in an already finished structure.

The sewer outlet is actually its border area, connecting internal communications and outer pipe leading to the purification plant. The conclusion is settled in the foundation. If thermal insulation of pipes is not provided, then the withdrawal depth should be lower than the GIP indicator. A sleeve is also required at the junction. When installing external communications, it is still necessary to observe a slope of 2 cm per 1 m.

Removal of the sewer outside.

External communications

Now you can move on to the arrangement of external communications. They consist of a pipeline and a cleaning system directly - a septic tank or station deep cleaning. There is also a third possible variant- arrangement of an ordinary cesspool, but we will not consider it, since it is ineffective for a private house, outdated and unhygienic.

The choice of treatment plant depends on many factors:

• financial opportunities;
• area of ​​the territory;
• volume of waste water.

The location of treatment facilities is strictly regulated and depends on the location of the residential building, neighboring houses, source drinking water. So, the minimum distance to the house is:

• 3 m for a deep biological treatment station;
• 5 m for a septic tank with soil filtration;
• 12 m for drop wells;
• 15 m for a cesspool.

Distance of various cleaning devices from home.

When calculating the required volume of a treatment plant, the following formula should be used: the number of people multiplied by the average daily amount of water used, multiplied by three (which means three days of settling). For example, for a family of 6 people, the volume is as follows: 200 * 6 * 3 \u003d 3600, that is, 3.6 cubic meters.

septic tank

Septic tanks are a purification plant operating on the principles of settling, as well as biological, soil post-treatment. There are many classifications of septic tanks. So, according to the principle of operation, they can be accumulative, with soil cleaning or deep bio-cleaning. They can be made from different materials (plastic, metal, brick).

Schematic arrangement of a septic tank.

Accumulative septic tanks are suitable only for summer cottages, but for private houses where people live permanently and use more quantity water, they will be ineffective.

Soil filtration septic tanks are the best option for a country or private house. In such models, the waste is not only settled, but is purified with the help of special microorganisms. As a result, you need to clean the device with a vacuum cleaner every few years.

Soil filtration septic tanks should not be installed in areas with clay soil, as well as in places of close occurrence of groundwater, since the filtration process will be impossible.

Deep cleaning station

These are highly functional, modern, but expensive treatment facilities. Suitable for installation on any soil, they purify up to 98% of wastewater, and filtered water can be discharged in any way: into the ground, onto the relief or by gravity.

The device of the deep cleaning station.

External pipe laying

Ideally, the pipeline from the output from the house to the septic tank should not have any turns. But if you cannot do without it, you need to carry it out according to the same principles as for internal communication. In addition, wells should be made at the corners to facilitate the cleaning process.

If you are installing a sewer in a private house with your own hands according to the indicated scheme, it is extremely important to observe the laying depth. When calculating it, the main indicator is the depth of soil freezing (GGD). This figure is different for each region. General rule This is: the colder the winter, the greater the depth of pipe laying should be.

Pipe laying depth.

The minimum laying depth is 0.7-0.8 m. If the pipeline runs in the places of paths, platforms (that is, places that are usually cleared of snow cover in winter), the laying depth must be increased.

In addition to the GIP indicator, when calculating the depth of the pipes, the following should be taken into account:

• the depth of the entrance to the septic tank (usually 1.5 m).
• pipe material and its strength;
• load on the soil and pipes from transport.

If the communications will be shallow, and be sure to insulate. The same applies to autonomous sewer systems in places with very cold winters.

Warming of communications.

Step-by-step process for laying an outdoor pipeline:

1. Trenches are pulled out from the outlet of the sewer from the house to the location of the septic tank. The width of the trenches is 60 cm.
2. A sand cushion is laid on the bottom with a layer of 5 cm and compacted.
3. All necessary elements are prepared: pipes, fittings. Starting from the sewer outlet, pipes are laid. Be sure to follow the slope.
4. Silicone sealant is used to connect the pipes.
5. If necessary, the pipes are insulated with a special heat-insulating material. Additionally, you can use a heating electric cord.
6. After joining the septic tank, the trenches are buried first with a layer of sand (15 cm above the pipe level), and then with soil.

Definitely, the construction of an autonomous sewage system with your own hands in a private house is a complex and labor-intensive process, because it is worth drawing up a diagram, determining the laying depth, and doing all the work correctly. It is possible that you will need to resort to the advice or help of experienced professionals. However, the result of the work done is definitely worth it!

Video: How to properly lay sewer pipes (sewer slope).

If your private house located far from the centralized sewerage, then it must be arranged independently. To do this, you can hire specialists, or you can lay a sewer in a private house with your own hands.

Any sewer system has two parts: internal and external. The first is arranged directly on the premises, and the second is performed outside the house.

Diagram of the internal system

How to lay a sewer in a private house correctly and without additional costs? Before starting any work on laying sewerage in a private house, it is necessary to consider the scheme and depth of the pipes.

Important! A carefully executed scheme guarantees the purchase the right amount materials and saving time on sewerage.

In order to correctly draw up a diagram, you need to consider the location of each plumbing device.

Next, a house-building plan is drawn, and the location is first applied to it vertical riser, then the position of each plumbing fixture. Next, the location of the horizontal pipeline is drawn, indicating the diameter of the pipe, its length, as well as the location of the fittings, indicating their type.

To more accurately complete the diagram, better blueprint perform on checkered paper or graph paper. A tape measure is used to take accurate measurements.

Attention! When designing internal system it is desirable to have plumbing fixtures close to each other. This will allow them to be connected to one riser, and drains to be discharged into one septic tank.

In the case of a system device in a two- or more-storey building, it is recommended to arrange bathrooms on top of each other. This will also save on the construction of septic tanks.

After you have completed the scheme, you can start purchasing materials.

Sewerage materials

It is best to start installing the system after purchasing all the necessary materials.

For work you will need:

• pipes of various diameters;
• fittings and flanges equipped with elastic seals.

When organizing pipe turns in the corners of the room, they are cut into sections that are connected to each other through oblique tees or cross fittings. Such elements must be used in order to rotate at an angle of not more than 45 °. This will allow effluents to move freely through the pipeline.

It is also necessary to organize revisions on the bends of the pipes. These elements also apply to fittings.

Sewer pipes

For laying sewers in a private house, cast-iron, as well as polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride pipes are used.

Comparative table of pipes made of different materials

At present, PP or PVC materials are mainly used.

When installing sewage, the following types of pipes are used:

• 40-50 mm - in pipelines from the bath, shower, sink, bidet and sink;
• 100-110 mm - for the device of risers;
• 65-75 mm - for branches from the riser;
• 100 mm - for organizing a drain from the toilet.

Sewer pipes differ in colors: gray color- for mounting the internal system, orange - external.

Also on the market building materials can be purchased PVC materials increased strength. They are two-layer corrugated products, they are used for installation in multi-storey buildings.

After purchasing the materials, you can proceed directly to the installation.

Attention! So that when laying the sewerage there were no problems with pairing the external and internal structures, it is recommended to start with the release device.

How to lay down an issue

To interface the internal and external systems, a release is performed, which is arranged on the border of both parts. A hole is punched in the foundation (or it is made when pouring the foundation) below the soil freezing zone. This level is determined for each region separately.

The release is organized using a pipe segment large diameter(up to 160 mm) or sleeve (2), which is inserted into the foundation hole. The sleeve should protrude beyond the foundation by at least 15 cm. Then a connected sewer pipe is passed into it. The outlet is located up to the manhole (1) and has a length of no more than 3 m. The outlet is connected to the riser using bends (3). On the riser, an audit is organized at a height of 1 m (4).

Since a gap must be maintained between the sleeve and the outlet, it is recommended to put a plastic "cocoon" on the sleeve. Now you can start installing the internal sewerage.

Methods for mounting the internal pipeline

How to lay sewer pipes in a private house? There are two ways: open and closed.

Laying sewer pipes open way provides for their installation to walls or floors.

In the second version, the structure is placed under the floor. If the second option is chosen, then it is usually performed hidden wiring sewerage and plumbing.

Advantages of the first laying method:

• simplicity and cleanliness of installation;
• free access to structural elements for preventive and repair work;
• you can quickly lay sewer pipes.

However, with this method, all sewer elements will be visible, and they will need to be hidden with the help of boxes.

In the second method, the elements are hidden under the floors. Therefore, access to them is difficult, and installation will be more expensive and time consuming.

How to properly lay a sewer

Indoors, a gravity-flowing structure is used, so it is necessary to lay sewer pipes with a slope. Since the diameter of the pipes of the internal system is only 40-50 mm, the slope should be 3 cm per 1 linear meter. It is not recommended to lay pipes with a slope of more than 15 cm per 1 linear meter, since in this case the water will move at high speed and will not have time to carry heavy particles of dirt with it. If this happens, the dirt will be deposited on inner surface sewers, and there will be congestion.

In a two- or more-storey building, all plumbing fixtures are connected to the riser. The length of the riser is calculated in such a way that the upper part protrudes above the roof of the house by at least 50 cm. This is necessary so that air can freely enter the riser when the water is drained and prevent the destruction of the water seal.

A water seal is a water plug that is located at the bottom of a plumbing fixture and prevents a putrefactive odor from entering the sewer into the room.

In addition, at a height of at least 1 m from the floor in the riser, you need to arrange an audit.

Mounting order:

1. Install a riser;
2. Bring and connect the supply from the toilet to the riser;
3. Mount the horizontal pipeline and connect it to the riser;
4. Connect siphons to plumbing and piping;
5. For the toilet should be individual system connection to the stand.

When installing a horizontal pipeline, it is necessary to connect plastic pipes through fittings.

The procedure for connecting plastic pipes:

1. Perform cutting into sections of a certain length (determined according to the scheme). Cutting is carried out with special scissors or a hacksaw;
2. Clean cuts from chips and dirt. In addition, the edges can be additionally lubricated;
3. Slightly unscrew the union nut of the fitting (several turns);
4. Insert a pipe into the fitting;
5. Tighten the union nut.

External sewerage device

An external individual drainage system for private housing construction consists of a pipeline and a septic tank.

Consider the procedure for performing external sewage in a private house with your own hands. After developing the scheme, we determine the depth of laying the pipeline.

The depth of the trench depends on the region, soil characteristics, etc. The main thing is that in winter time freezing of drains was excluded. Therefore, for laying the pipeline, it is better to dig a trench with a depth below the freezing level of the soil. If it is not possible to dig a trench of the required depth, then the pipeline can be insulated at the installation stage.

It is recommended that when installing an external system, the sewer pipe be straight and without unnecessary bends, since a gravity-flow drainage design is usually used. If the piping system leading to the septic tank has bends, the flow rate of effluents will decrease and blockages may form.

How to lay an external pipeline

1. Choose the right equipment that is designed for this;
2. Set up a septic tank. The distance from a cesspool without a bottom to other structures is regulated by SNiP 2.04.02-84 and SNiP 2.04.03-85. From a residential building, the distance is at least 5 m, to a neighboring residential building - at least 10 m, etc.;

In contact with

In individual construction, sewerage is a complex complex engineering equipment designed for efficient and safe disposal of wastewater.

Its main purpose is to collect wastewater into a single highway and transport it for disposal.

But it is the high-quality preparation and arrangement of the sewerage system that largely determines the comfort in the house.

All pipes used in sewer systems are divided according to the material of manufacture, the length of a single element and diameter. The most widely used pipes are made from the following materials.

Cast iron

Despite the fact that cast iron pipes have almost left the building materials market, if necessary, they can still be ordered today. Their main advantage is mechanical strength , allowing you to lay shallow sewer lines even under the road.

However, a big the strength of cast iron is very unfortunately combined with high brittleness. At the same time, cast-iron drains silt up very quickly, require regular cleaning and are of considerable cost.

PVC (polyvinyl chloride)

Differs in low cost and acceptable operational characteristics. Main lack of PVC- great hardness. As a result, pipelines made of this material resonate very strongly and make noise when waste water passes through them.

With the strength of the material also leaves much to be desired. It is possible to lay PVC sewerage only in highly compacted soil or inside a protective box.

Polyethylene

Pipes made of this material are distinguished by such qualities as:

• elasticity, due to which the polyethylene sewer, even after complete freezing, returns to its original geometry and can be further operated;
• insensitivity to chemical reagents;
• the possibility of laying in moving soils.

Main disadvantages:

• softens at 80 degrees, what can lead to pipe deformation;
• great wear during the passage of abrasive particles.

Therefore, for sewerage systems, the option of pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene is more suitable. This material is more durable and able to withstand high temperatures without deformation and destruction.

Polypropylene

For sewerage in a private house, polypropylene is the greatest interest. It has a lot of advantages:

• acceptable cost;
• excellent wear resistance, allowing you not to worry when solid abrasive particles enter the sewer;
• softens only at 140 degrees x, allowing you to drain even boiling water into the sewer for as long as you like;
• resistant to chemicals. Do harm polypropylene pipes only large volumes of concentrated acid are capable of.

At the same time, with the external laying of polypropylene sewage, it should be well insulated. At temperatures below -5 degrees, the pipe will lose elasticity and may crack.

The diameter of the pipe in a private house depends on the purpose of the section of the highway:

• 40 or 50 mm for washbasin, kitchen sink, bathtubs of other plumbing;
• 110 mm for the toilet, risers and mains.

The increased diameter of the pipe for connecting the toilet is necessary not only to simplify the descent of fecal masses. When the tank is completely drained through a narrow pipe, a vacuum effect may occur, which is fraught with disruption of the operation of all siphons in the system.

sewerage scheme

A sewerage scheme should be drawn up taking into account such factors, how:

• the expected volume of wastewater;
• soil characteristics;
• climatic features of the area (seasonal temperature changes, rainfall).

The system should consist of three main elements:

• internal sewer network;
• external highway;
• septic tank (cesspool).

Several rules apply to the calculation of sewer systems.

1. When distributing sewer pipes, it is necessary to minimize the number of interchanges, joints and connections.
2. If the house has several floors, then rooms with plumbing fixtures should be located one above the other. This will allow the use of common risers.
3. The kitchen and bathroom are optimally located in adjacent rooms as close as possible to the sewer.

The diagram should show the exact location and characteristics of the following elements:

• sewer pipes with an indication of the material, length and diameter;
• turning points, branches and inspection hatches;
• plumbing appliances;
• risers and collectors;
• branch line b;
• septic tank.

As a result, the scheme of the sewer system should include the full amount of information necessary for its installation.

Device

To install a septic tank on the site, preparation of a pit will be required. Its dimensions will be determined by the dimensions of the selected septic tank model and the characteristics of the soil. If the soil is very mobile, then the size of the pit should be increased by 25-40 cm. for each dimension.

This reserve will allow pouring a concrete box for mechanical protection septic tank. The depth of the pit should be calculated so that the neck installed septic tank was level with the ground.

The depth of the trench under the sewer line should be less than 70-80 cm. This will keep it from freezing. In this case, the terrain should be taken into account. If the house is located much higher than the septic tank, then the trench near the foundation should be deeper. The minimum distance to the foundation of the building is 5 m.

The main pipe should be laid at a slight angle towards the septic tank. For this, the optimal increase in the depth of the trench should be about 3 mm per 1 m. Such a slope will ensure the unhindered passage of drains. With a smaller slope, there are congestion.

Exceeding the specified slope can lead to the fact that the water will drain too quickly into the septic tank, not having time to take fecal matter with it. This is also fraught with congestion.

To make it easier to control the depth of the trench, it is worth preparing in advance wooden beam with divisions. Divisions are applied for certain distances from the foundation. For example, at two meters from the house, the depth should be 800, at four - 806, etc.

As you move away from home, the depth should always increase.. Its reduction in any area is unacceptable. Even a small “hump” will lead not only to difficulty in flow, but also to the appearance of airlock which will worsen the situation even more.

Turns of the highway can also impede the flow. As far as possible, they should be avoided. If you can’t do without a bend, you should organize a turn of the maximum possible radius. At the turning point, it is desirable to arrange a revision well.

Particular attention should be paid to the depth of the sewer if it passes under a car park or road. In this case, it should be increased by several tens of centimeters.

To prevent the pipe from sinking into the ground, the bottom of the trench must be sealed. sand cushion. The thickness of the pillow is 10-15 cm.

For medium and cold climatic zones the sewer line must be insulated. As a heater, polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene sheets with a shielding layer of foil can be used.

Particularly careful insulation is required for hatches in revision wells and collectors. In a fairly mild climate, insulation should be performed only for the upper part of the pipe.

Elements of the internal sewer network must be reduced to a common riser that acts as a collector. Optimal location styling horizontal sections pipes - in the floor screed. In this case, it is desirable to give the pipe a slight slope.

The use of 90 degree elbows in sewer systems is not recommended. Pipe turns are best organized using several bends at 30 or 45 degrees.

Ventilation

Efficient ventilation for the sewerage system in a private house is necessary for several reasons.

1. This will allow the septic tank to function normally. During the decomposition of wastewater, gases are released, the excess of which can stop this process. Ventilation will also contribute to gas removal.
2. If the system is maintained at atmospheric pressure, then improve her performance. Without ventilation, water hammer and the appearance of vacuum zones are possible.
3. Ventilated sewer can last longer e than its hermetic version.

The easiest way to organize ventilation is to install a fan pipe, which is a vertical continuation of the riser. The upper cut of the fan pipe is displayed above the roof level at a distance of at least 70 cm. It is impossible to combine general ventilation in the house with a fan pipe.

Prices for materials and installation

Prices for materials for sewerage systems depend on their material of manufacture and linear dimensions. Roughly they will be as follows:

• PPR pipe for internal sewerage with a diameter of 110 mm, length 1 m - 830 rubles;
• the same with a diameter of 50 mm - 720 rubles;
• revision 50 mm - 150 rubles;
• plug 50 mm - 10 rubles;
• toilet connection unit 110 × 87 - 200 rubles;
• PVC pipe for external sewerage 5 m long - 1200 rubles;
• 300 l septic tank (Ecoprom Rostok Mini) - 37,000 rubles.

The total cost of the system will depend on the number and remoteness of plumbing devices, as well as on the distance to the septic tank.

If it is planned to involve third-party workers for the sewerage device, then the prices will be something like this:

• installation of internal sewerage - 175-620 rubles. for 1 linear meter;
• plumbing connection - from 200 rubles;
• installation of an external line 100 mm - 200-350 rubles. for 1 r.m.

When doing the work on your own, the price of installation will only be the time spent.

The arrangement of sewerage in a private house begins with a layout and a laying scheme. This allows you to most conveniently arrange all plumbing, make the right slope, accurately calculate all consumables.

As a result, the system will work smoothly, and in the event of a breakdown or clogging of one of the elements, everything can be quickly and easily repaired. In this article, we will tell you how to properly draw up internal and external (external) sewerage schemes for a private house or country house, what is the optimal depth for laying sewer pipes and what consumables should be used when constructing and installing an autonomous system with your own hands in the house and outside.

Charting starts from a distant plumbing fixture in the attic or top floor. All horizontal lines must be reduced to one riser. To save money and Supplies bathrooms on different tiers are placed along one vertical line.

Sewerage in the house consists of:

• Water seals that prevent odors from entering the room;
• Drainage from all plumbing;
• Pipes leading drains to the external sewer;
• Elbows and tees connecting pipes into a single system;
• Clamps in the walls that support the pipes and give them direction and angle.
• Central stand.

It is important that the house does not have a transition from a larger sewer diameter to a smaller one. Therefore, in the diagram, the toilet should be located as close as possible to the riser.

Accurate drawing of the internal system depends on the number of storeys of the building, the presence of a basement, the number of plumbing used and the number of users. The depth of the septic tank and the attachment to additional equipment also matter ( pumping station or separately for each device).

On the diagram All items must be displayed to scale. so that in the event of a scheduled repair or emergency It was possible to quickly sort out the wiring and find a breakdown.

outer line

External sewerage starts from the pipeline from the foundation. Effluent is diverted to a septic tank, cesspool or filter facility. At each turn of the pipe, revisions are installed (adapters with covers, with which you can quickly clear the blockage). Outside there is also an inspection well and a ventilation hood.

Ventilation is removed from the riser through a fan pipe. Due to strong foreign odors, it cannot be mounted near windows, with access to the courtyard or near smokers. Categorically it must not be connected to a conventional ventilation shaft. Instead of an umbrella, you can use a special vacuum valve at the top of the riser (not to be confused with a check valve!).

Advantages and disadvantages of different types of tanks

The final element of the system is a storage and cleaning tank. In the absence of a central collector for the intake of drains, autonomous installations are used.

1. Cesspool. It is easy to organize on the site and is the cheapest option. But it cannot cope with large volumes of stocks. There is a possibility of dirt getting into ground water and bad smell.
2. A do-it-yourself septic tank made of concrete-filled bricks or pre-cast concrete poles c. It performs its functions well, durable and strong. The disadvantages include a long installation time and serious construction costs.
3. Industrial stand-alone installation. Such a septic tank is more expensive, but the costs are covered by the speed of construction, high quality and long-term operation equipment.
4. Station biological treatment . The most expensive option, requiring constant electricity. Differs in the highest degree of cleaning and big productivity.

Consumables, calculation and prices

Be sure to determine the volume of the septic tank. The calculation is carried out taking into account that 200 liters of water per day is used for each inhabitant of the house. Drains in the septic tank settle for 3 days. Based on these data, we get Exact size waste tank.

So, a family of 4 people consumes 800 liters. In three days, 2400 liters are accumulated. Means, it is necessary to select a septic tank of just such a volume. If desired, you can make a small margin in case of a maximum load of the tank. Septic tanks with such parameters cost from 20 thousand rubles.

Main armature:

• Crosses for connecting 4 sections at an angle (80-100 rubles).
• Tees with a 45 or 90 degree flank.
• Elbow for connecting pipes with a height difference (450 rubles / pc.).
• Rectilinear double-sided clutch with rubber cuffs in the sockets (from 30 rubles).
• Revision (60 rubles)
• reductions of different parameters (from 40 rubles / piece)
• Hood umbrella (from 50 rubles)

Before you begin to equip the sewer system, you must carefully read the basic requirements put forward to it. As we will tell in a special review.

Water can be not only useful, but also harmful to the human body. Which coarse filter better fit to give, find out from this.

Optimum inclination and depth of laying during construction

According to the recommendations of SNiP for pipes with a diameter of 50 mm, a stable 3 cm is made for each meter of laying. With a cross section of 100 mm, this value can be reduced to 2 cm. In order to avoid clogging and “fatting” of the sewer in the kitchen, it is advisable to increase the slope by 0.5-1 cm for each meter of wiring.

When mounted on a land plot, the same angle of inclination is observed. A sleeve (a pipe of larger diameter than the main pipeline, protruding 15 cm from each end) is installed in a hole made in the foundation. It provides a transition to the external sewer, and located 30 cm above the freezing level of the soil.

Burying pipes below the freezing level (on average it is 1.6 m) is unprofitable- you will have to make a very deep septic tank. Subject to a constant slope, it will be 4-5 m, where groundwater may already appear. The cost is increased by additional concrete rings and more durable (corrugated) pipes that can withstand both the pressure of the drain and the weight of the soil.

The drain temperature is usually above room temperature, which prevents freezing, and if desired, thermal insulation or heating cable insulation can be used.

Selection of pipes and diameters

Pipes are used to drain waste from plumbing fixtures diameter 5 cm. The pipe from the toilet should have a cross section of 10-11 cm, which will help avoid blockages.

Pipes can be used to organize a sewer system in a private house. cast iron, reinforced concrete or plastic. The latter are more acceptable due to their strength, durability, corrosion resistance and smooth surface.

Outdoor (PVC)

Designed for outdoor networks. They are distinguished by their characteristic orange or yellow-brown color. Despite being relatively cheap, these pipes have sufficient strength, which allows their use both for external and concealed installation . For them, the connection method is recommended cold welding. All turns are made using fittings and bends.

Internal (polypropylene)

For internal communications light gray color and have different technical parameters depending on the manufacturer and model. Their common features:

• Single or multilayer.
• The foam is protected by an aluminum coating and a polymer layer.
• The connection is carried out by welding or using special fittings.

Rules for the device and laying of an external system

Briefly instructions on how to properly make a local autonomous system sewers in a private country house(in the country) with their own hands, looks like this:

1. Mechanical or manual excavation of a trench.
2. Formation of a sand cushion.
3. Layout of all constituent elements (pipeline, trays, fittings).
4. Connection of fragments, starting from the exit from the internal sewerage. For greater reliability attachment points are treated with silicone sealant.
5. Testing the tightness of connections at maximum load.
6. Fill the trench, trying to compact the sand or soil only on the sides of the pipe, avoiding a sharp load at a right angle. The thickness of the sand bed at least 15 cm.

For pipe bends, fittings for external engineering networks. If the distance from the foundation to the septic tank is more than 10-12 m, it makes sense to equip the site with an intermediate revision well.

This video shows how to properly make a sewer for a private house, as well as how to lay pipes yourself:

How to properly sewer in a private house, do everything according to the scheme yourself and lay pipes for the system without errors? Installation of the sewer system will be better if follow a few guidelines:

When installing a sewer it is important to consider every nuance: the placement of plumbing, the relief of the site, the location of the intake manifold or septic tank, the depth of pipe laying and the angle of inclination.

Only with careful scheming, careful planning and order installing a sewerage system in a private house or in a country house with your own hands can guarantee that the system will not freeze in the middle of winter and will drain well without creating additional problems in the house and on the site.