When building houses, you need to think about the functionality of the heating system. It is one of the most expensive to construct, but the comfort and convenience of living for residents depends on it. winter time of the year. In addition to the cost of the system itself, important factor in a private home the cost of fuel is also included. Traditional heating systems are being replaced by newer ones that require different installation methods. One of these variations is radiant heating. These systems are quite complex and require properly executed design and installation. Characteristic features, rules, advantages and disadvantages should be considered separately.

Design diagram

Radial system design

In most modern housing, heating pipes are laid parallel to the walls. But this wiring method is ineffective in large buildings with several tiers. The liquid that transfers heat begins to lose energy in a short time, as a result of which the temperature in the rooms located next to the boiler room will be higher than in those located further away. To correct this drawback and ensure uniform heating, a radiant heating system for a private home was invented.

Visual representation

Heating differs significantly from the tee heating traditional for most buildings. The main difference is the need to install a manifold cabinet in which necessary equipment providing circulation.

In this design, several separate circuits are created, which are connected in parallel with heating elements: radiators, heated floors. Moreover, pipe routing is carried out in the process overhaul on the floor of the building. Thus, each of the heating elements is filled with coolant from a separate heating circuit, and each radiator will have approximately the same temperature.

Unlike tee wiring, radial wiring requires a significantly larger number of pipes, but fewer connecting components. Therefore, their installation complexity is approximately equal. Since parallel wiring is considered more reliable, it is more difficult to make mistakes during execution, and leaks and depressurization occur less frequently.

Pros and cons of the beam system

Like other types of wiring, beam wiring has a number of advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, before installation, you should familiarize yourself with all the positive and negative sides and features of use. This will avoid complications and problems in the future. It's worth starting with the cons.

Switchboard

Disadvantages of the beam system

The main disadvantages of this wiring scheme include:

1. The need to purchase and lay a significant number of pipes. For each heating element in the house, you will need at least 2 pipes, which must be connected into a single network, connected through a system of fittings.
2. A significant number of pipes makes installation highly complex. Therefore, when building a house, heating installation is extremely expensive.
3. Beam wiring can be installed exclusively covertly. A traditional tee system is usually installed along the walls, however, due to the large number of inlet and outlet pipes, a radial tee system can only be laid under the floor. An alternative is to fix the pipes in the walls, but this significantly increases the amount of material required and the complexity of the work.
4. Lack of docking modules. When laying pipes, be sure to avoid bends and joints. It is in such areas that breakthrough most often occurs. And since the repair of radial wiring is significantly complicated due to the need to tear off the floor covering, it is easier to prevent problems.
5. If available big number rooms that require different temperatures, then each of the pipelines must be equipped with a separate pump for forced circulation.

Pros of the beam system

The main advantages include ease of use. The system comes with a significant amount of equipment to make heating control as simple as possible.

1. Using a manifold cabinet, you can easily regulate the temperature of each specific radiator. Also, you can easily completely stop the flow of liquid to any of the radiators, without turning off the others.
2. Each supply and discharge pipe goes exclusively to one heating element. What allows you to use pipes not large diameter. They are easy to disguise as flooring. And also slightly heat the house.
3. Taking into account the use of hydraulic arrows, which are a container with a large capacity, it can be arranged in different rooms different temperatures.
4. Economical. The energy loss of the coolant during movement is much lower. In addition, the floor warms up, which then transfers heat to the atmosphere.
5. Allows you to effectively distribute heat even to the most remote rooms.

How is the radial system organized?

The most important element in organizing such systems is the collector assembly. If it is necessary to carry out wiring on each of the floors, you will need to place one on each of the floors.

Forced circulation pump

During installation, the collectors are placed in special cabinets, which provide the ability to regulate the operation of the system. When laying, it is necessary to ensure a minimum number of pipe joints, which significantly increases the safety and stability of the equipment.

Also, it is necessary to choose the right heating boiler, taking into account power, heat and electrical energy, coefficient useful action taking into account heat losses from the system. Regardless of the type of fuel that the boiler consumes during the heating process, the need for calculation is mandatory.

Rules for choosing a forced circulation pump

The main application of radiant circuits for home heating systems is a horizontal arrangement, with coolant supplied from below. To ensure operation, it is necessary to use a circulation pump, which ensures forced circulation of the coolant through the branches of the network.

Using a pump can significantly reduce the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the circuit. As a result, the efficiency of the beam system is significantly increased, providing greater compactness and lower material costs.

Choosing this type of unit is based on several parameters:

• performance;
• pressure height.

To select the right pump, it is necessary to take into account the width of the pipe lumen, the length and height level relative to the pump itself. All calculations are carried out in advance.

How to properly install a circulation pump

1. Wet powered pumps are installed horizontally.
2. The thermostat device must not be brought as close as possible to hot surfaces to avoid distorted readings.
3. Installation is usually carried out on the return sections of the system to ensure normal operation of the system and to prevent excess temperatures. Row modern pumps can also be mounted near the boiler and work at high temperatures without problems.
4. If there is no mechanism for eliminating excess air on the heating circuit, you should definitely choose a pump with the ability to remove gases.
5. It is advisable to mount it as close as possible to the expansion tank.
6. Before installation, it is advisable to clean the system of all solids.
7. Before launching the beam system, it is imperative to conduct preliminary testing with water.

Installation of a circulation pump

Is it possible without a pump?

The operation of the system can be ensured without purchasing and connecting a pump and a number of devices to remove excess air, but it is necessary to ensure compliance with certain conditions, which are extremely difficult to implement. It is necessary to select pipes with a large diameter and install an expansion tank on maximum height from the floor.

This method can be used in rooms with small dimensions to ensure sufficient heat in the room. However, choosing between forced or natural water supply is required during the calculation process.

Selecting a distribution manifold

This device has a second name - distribution comb. It received it for the function it performs - supplying a liquid that conducts heat to each individual heating element, radiators, heated floors and others. Also, the coolant is returned to certain holes on the way back, after which it is supplied to the boiler or mixed with the contents of the pipes to reduce the temperature.

Distribution manifold

The number of simultaneously supported pipes reaches 12. In some models, for complex radiant heating systems for a two-story house, their number may be greater. Each manifold is connected to a ball valve, which allows you to regulate the flow of liquid to each radiator. This is necessary to regulate the amount of coolant that flows through the branches.

Which pipes to choose

There are a number of aspects that determine performance characteristics future pipeline. You should make your choice after you decide where the network will be installed: under a camouflage coating or in a cement screed.

During the work, you will need to bend the pipes in a certain way, at a non-standard angle. For this reason, it is advisable to use a material with a sufficient degree of flexibility so as not to increase the number of joints. The best option is pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene.

Pipes

Moreover, the design must have a layer of airtight material. IN otherwise, it is possible for the smallest oxygen particles contained in the coolant to escape. As a result, rusting of the boiler and radiators is observed.

Also, it is worth paying attention to the following points:

1. For beam distribution, it is not necessary to use pipes of standard diameter. The optimal clearance is from 24 to 32 millimeters.
2. It is worth choosing products that are sufficiently protected from mechanical damage. Most often they are filled with cement, but it is necessary to prevent excessive pressure on the network.

This requires checking the integrity and connections of all pipe elements. After which you can launch. This is required to prevent leaks during operation.

Beam wiring diagram

When choosing a scheme, preference is usually given to a floor plan. The network is carried out under a masking covering on the floor. The collector is usually mounted in a pre-prepared niche in the wall. An alternative is a special cabinet.

Most systems require the installation of a circulation pump, but there are options when several of them are not required, or they are mounted alternately on each of the rings. A supply and discharge container is attached to each element of the system. Then, under cement screed pipes from the collectors are placed and then connected to the heating element.

It is desirable that the duration of all pipes be approximately equal. Otherwise, the system will need to be additionally equipped with a circulation pump and sensors for temperature control. There are two main ways to organize heating: with forced circulation and without. It is worth describing each of them in more detail, with all their inherent features.

Method 1 with forced water circulation

This type of system, which is equipped with pumps for forced movement of liquid, was previously considered extremely expensive. However, with the advent of cheap and reliable pumps, such heating with pumps has increasingly become used in apartment buildings and private buildings.

The most important difference is that the coolant (water or antifreeze) circulates between the heating boiler and radiators not using gravity, temperature and pressure differences, but through the use of a special pump.

Natural heating scheme

There are a number of positive aspects:

1. The system can be installed in a room of any complexity and geometry.
2. You can install radial wiring in rooms with large areas.
3. For laying, pipes of almost any diameter can be used, provided that they are located at right angles.

Circulation pump It is advisable to install it on the back of the pipes going to the distribution manifold to prevent overheating of the equipment and early failure.

Method 2 with natural water circulation

In a system without the use of circulation pumps, fluid movement is ensured by gravity. A hotter liquid has a lower density, due to which it moves upward, then, over time, returns to the collector and batteries, and then to the radiators.

The installation has the following features:

1. During installation, it is necessary to provide space for expansion tank open type, which must be placed in the highest place. It is required to compensate for the expansion of the coolant due to heating and prevents the pressure from increasing too much.
2. In this case, the purchase and installation of circulation pumps is not required, which reduces the cost of work.

This type of heating does not require electrical energy, which is convenient for dachas and other country houses.

Radiant wiring and heated floors

In addition to connecting to radiators, you can use a radial circuit to organize a “Warm” floor type system. If you draw up a project correctly, taking into account everything possible options, you don’t have to buy radiators, making the floor the basis of heating in the house.

In this case, the heat will be distributed over the entire area of ​​the room, without heating some areas, as well as rising air flows. This results in a reduction in the amount of moving dust.

However, before installing such a system, several factors must be taken into account:

1. If the floor is made of concrete or wood, then a heat insulator must be placed underneath.
2. Then, arrange the set of pipes in the form of a serpentine.
3. Before concreting, it is required to test the system with water at normal pressure for 24 hours.
4. After that, position the screed.

For each of these circuits, it is necessary to provide a distribution manifold with sensors. To prevent pipes from being squeezed, it is advisable to secure them with fittings or brackets.

Warm floor

Options for wooden houses

If you plan to place such a system on the floor in wooden house, then it is advisable to provide a number of holes in wooden beams ceilings Moreover, the slots should be slightly larger in diameter than the pipes themselves in order to prevent additional pressure on the pipeline.

Installation features

All such systems are installed and designed for a specific house, taking into account the dimensions, area, number of rooms and floors, planned coolant, radiator and some other parameters.

However, there are a number of rules that must be followed during installation. Use of the beam system in apartment building not allowed. Since the coolant circulates through vertical risers, which connect all premises into a single network. Due to the connection of several collectors to the system, the liquid will not circulate to the upper floors.

Installation process

In private homes, you can install a radiation system if you follow these recommendations:

1. All manifolds that provide coolant circulation for radiators must be equipped with valves that would prevent the formation of plugs.
2. The circuit must be equipped with an expansion tank with a volume of 10% of the total amount of liquid circulating through the pipes. The best option– use of a membrane tank.
3. The tank is attached to a pipeline that connects the outlet tank with the heating element.
4. If you plan to attach multiple pumps, make sure they are positioned horizontally. Otherwise, they will break, requiring expensive repairs or replacement.

Preparing for installation

Before all work, a project must be drawn up. It is especially important to consider the formation of the drawing. It should be quite detailed, with all calculations and dimensions. If it is impossible to do it yourself, you can hire specialists.

Also required:

1. Select locations for batteries.
2. Select the type of radiators and the number of sections.
3. Make a list necessary materials and equipment.

Installation of a radiant heating system

Collective radiant heating systems are installed under the floor. In this case, several recommendations must be followed.

The subfloor or base may be the foundation of the building, onto which a heat insulator is attached, after which the pipeline is placed. After which, the pipeline from pre-purchased and cut segments is connected. To prevent it from rising when pouring concrete, it is advisable to attach it in any of the following ways.

After that, around the network you need to place up to 5 centimeters of foam insulation and nail it with dowels. After which, you can fill it with concrete, up to 50-70mm.

Analysis of arguments for and against

The system has both advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account during design. Need to be positioned manifold cabinet which takes up a lot of space, choose the right pipes.

However, the advantages and positive aspects such a system has much more. Therefore, many owners prefer to install pipes along the radial distribution of the heating system in an apartment building. This provides a lot of benefits.

Conclusions on the topic

This heating system is more energy efficient than any other. It consists of many components, and the pipes and wiring themselves “feed” heating elements and remove the spent liquid. The radial design allows for extremely efficient distribution of coolant.

Pipe layout radiator heating There are a considerable number, but due to their many advantages, two distributions have become especially entrenched: two-pipe and radial. Most often, any developer has to choose between these two systems (if it was decided to install radiators). Hoping to get recommendations from installers, you usually do not meet objectivity and everyone chooses what is more convenient for him.

And there is also the most pleasant phrase that every customer loves to hear: “well, you decide for yourself, but it doesn’t matter to us what to install.” Let's try to adequately understand the strengths and weaknesses of two-pipe and radiator radiator wiring

This is a consequence of the evolution of the single-pipe system, in which all the main disadvantages were eliminated. In this system, two pipes are connected in parallel to the radiator. One is feed, then feed, the other is reverse, then return. Hot coolant is supplied, and it will enter each battery at almost the same temperature. And in the opposite direction, the already cooled coolant flows by itself.

IN single pipe system We were faced with the fact that only one looped pipe was responsible for the supply and return. Therefore, the temperature difference between the first and subsequent batteries was more significant. And it was not possible to “level” the system so that each radiator was the same temperature.

What is a radiant heating scheme?

Let's now highlight the strong and weak sides each heating scheme

Which heating is cheaper?

The most prominent advantage of a two-pipe system is the price. This system is cheaper than the beam one. Mainly due to the fact that fewer pipes are used and there is no need to purchase an additional distribution manifold. But a two-pipe system uses more fittings. At our last facility with an area of ​​300 square meters, the difference between the beam and two-pipe systems was 30,000. In both cases, we used metal-plastic pipes, as well as connections from the same company.

On the one hand, this can be written down as a disadvantage of the beam system. But on the other hand, for such an object, for many developers the difference of 30,000 will be insignificant.

Materials used

Polypropylene can be used for pipe routing in a two-pipe system. As we know, this is the most affordable type of pipe on the market. Now we will not list the advantages and disadvantages of this material. You just need to keep in mind that if the budget is limited, then you can use polypropylene

For beam distribution, only metal-plastic pipes or cross-linked polyethylene pipes with a thicker wall are used.

Number of joints

Here the radiant heating system has its clear advantage. Its main advantage is the absence of connecting parts in the concrete screed. All connections are located in the manifold and on the radiator itself. Accordingly, if something ever decides to leak, it will happen in a visible field and you can quickly fix everything.

For a two-pipe system, all connections are filled concrete screed and are recessed into the walls. This adds the possibility of some kind of leakage due to operation of the system. Although press and tension pipe connections are famous for their reliability, accidents actually occur quite rarely

It's a different matter if you use polypropylene. There are even more joints there and most of them are also located in an inaccessible area. This is truly a lottery. If suddenly the installer welded the joint sloppily, it may not leak immediately. It will last a year or two. And that's where the fun begins. So with polypropylene pipes at hidden installation I would recommend being extremely careful.

Temperature adjustment

These systems have convenient ways temperature adjustment. Thermal heads on radiators are most often used. This is a relatively inexpensive and convenient adjustment option.

The advantage of the beam system is that you can install servos on the collector and regulate the temperature in each room using room thermostats. This option is already much more expensive, but at the same time more advanced.

What's the result?

An insignificant disadvantage of the beam system is that it requires space to install the collector. But in truth it is not always present. Plus, it is advisable to install the collector in the middle of the house.

If we consider these two systems in terms of efficiency and economy, then they have absolute parity. Both systems do their job remarkably well.

It’s just that if you have a limited budget, then you should look towards a two-pipe system. If desired, you can also use polypropylene. The beam system will add some convenience and peace of mind to you, that if something happens, nothing will leak under the screed.

It is important to understand the main thing. In both cases, your choice will be absolutely correct!

When building a home, the heating system has always been one of the most expensive expenses. The comfort and costs of residents for electricity and other types of fuel during the cold season largely depend on how correctly the heating system is installed. Outdated heating systems are being replaced by newer and more efficient systems, which have better heat transfer, thereby saving on fuel. These systems are of the beam type, and they require competent design and installation. This article will discuss the radiant heating system and its features. Here we will also consider important points that you should pay attention to when installing the wiring of a radiant heating system.

Two-pipe heating system

Autonomous heating systems are becoming increasingly popular among people. They have a lot of different wiring options. Until recently, conventional systems were used autonomous heating, but more recently they were replaced by beam systems. They are also popularly called collectors. The name speaks for itself, since individually each radiator is connected directly to the collector, which distributes the coolant. With this connection of radiators, they are completely independent of each other. In a radiant heating system, other heating devices can be used, which also do not depend on radiators in this system. The radiators here are connected in parallel to the collector. As a rule, the collector is mounted somewhere in a remote part of the room, or hidden in a wall, or in a special cabinet. The collector is sometimes quite large. It all depends on the area of ​​the heated room. Beam system allows you to easily repair a failed radiator without stopping the entire system. A radiator in need of repair should simply be disconnected from the heating system and dismantled.

In a conventional heating system it is used two-pipe scheme. It is also called tee. To install this autonomous heating scheme, much fewer pipes are required than for radial heating. But the additional costs for pipes in the beam system are more than recouped due to energy savings. The radiant heating system most clearly reveals its economic effect in residential premises with a large area, especially in multi-storey private buildings.

Pros and cons of the beam system

It is best to weigh all the pros and cons before installing a heating system and decide in advance which system will suit you best. Of course, the beam system has its own characteristics, which also need to be taken into account. Let's start with the negative points.

Disadvantages of the beam system

• This system has, perhaps, only one drawback - it is a larger number of elements in its design. In particular - pipes. It also uses more fittings;
• A large number of elements in a given system can increase repair costs. Conventional system heating has a lower estimated cost and is cheaper to repair.

A radiant heating system for a private home requires more the right approach when connecting all heating devices, since violation of the connection rules is fraught with frequent breakdowns systems as a whole.

Pros of the beam system

But all of the above loses its significance against the background of the general advantages of a radiant heating system. In a very short period of time, a properly designed and installed beam system:

• It will more than pay for itself. It also has a lot of useful and convenient features;
• When using a radiant heating system, you can take a differentiated approach to heating in each room. This approach allows you to more efficiently distribute heat in your home, which entails very large energy savings;
• This system is also convenient in that during its repair you can get unhindered access to pipe connections, which speeds up the identification of problems and their elimination;
• IN traditional system heating pipes is not very easy to hide. The radial system allows pipes to be hidden from view either in the walls or under the floor. If this system is installed correctly, then no components or wiring will be noticeable;
• The correct radial distribution scheme allows you to effectively distribute heat throughout the entire area of ​​your home.

Components for the collector system

The set of elements of a radiant heating system is similar to the set. For both of these systems, the main element is the heating boiler. In order for the radiant system to be effective, you need to carefully approach the issue of selecting the power of the heating boiler. When choosing a boiler, you need to take into account the area of ​​the heated room, but it is also important to take into account heat loss.

The wiring of the radiant heating system also includes a pump that circulates the coolant. The radiant heating system does not work by gravity. Therefore, the vast majority of radiant heating systems have a circulation pump in their design. The pump must also be located in right place. Let's move on to the second one important element radiant heating system - to the collector.

This element is nothing more than Switchgear. With the help of a collector, coolant is supplied to all segments of the heating system. The Collector includes numerous elements of shut-off equipment that allow you to differentially regulate the temperature of the living space, right down to individual radiators in the rooms. As a rule, the collector is mounted in a separate panel or in a cabinet, which fits perfectly into the interior and is not an eyesore. Now separately about circulation.

Heating circulation methods

The heating system can have several types of coolant circulation. These include:

• Forced circulation method;

At natural type circulation, the coolant is spontaneously distributed through convection throughout all elements of the heating system. To ensure the best circulation in a natural way, large diameter pipes are used in the heating system. The natural method of coolant circulation, due to its lower efficiency, has some limitations on the area of ​​the heated room. Usually this method used in small private houses.

The forced circulation method has long proven itself very well. Today on the market you can find great amount circulation pumps that are very compact and very efficient. These pumps have a fairly long service life. When installing a radiant system, it is important to correctly adjust the coolant circulation speed. The pump can be installed both on the supply and return side. Using a circulation pump, you can supply coolant to a fairly decent height. When selecting a pump, this parameter must also be taken into account.

To date forced circulation, due to their undeniable advantages, is undoubtedly the most popular method of transferring coolant. The advantages also include the very affordable cost of circulation pumps.

Where to start installation?

Typically, all construction activities begin with thoughtful design. Typically, a drawing is created first. To design a radiant heating system, it is necessary to make a similar drawing with all elements and dimensions. If this drawing cannot be made by hand, then it can be ordered from a design organization.

The beginning of the design always begins with an assessment of the room in which the radiant heating system will be installed. It is advisable to do this in the early stages of construction, before the moment when the premises have not yet been carried out Finishing work. It is better to immediately hide the elements of the heating system in the walls or under the screed. The drawing must detail all elements of the heating system and where they will be located. It is also advisable to provide more detailed information about the heating devices, since the system as a whole will be designed on the basis of this data. It is advisable to indicate the exact volume of heating devices and what materials they are made of. Using this information, you can accurately calculate how much coolant will be used in the heating system.

A very important point to pay attention to is additional heat loss. In a radiant heating system, the length of the pipes is slightly higher than in a conventional two-pipe system, and this factor is also important to take into account when designing and calculating a radiant heating system.

The drawing must also include a plan for laying communications for the heating system. It should also indicate all measuring instruments, as well as adjusting and locking elements. The drawing also indicates all additional elements that can be used in the installation of the heating system. detailed information about it additional equipment and its installation is also described step by step.

Selecting a distribution manifold

The collector is also popularly called a “comb”, because this element of the heating system looks like a hair comb. The base of the collector uses a pipe to which numerous pipes are connected. A radiant heating system uses two collectors. One manifold is installed on the supply, and the other on the return. The circulation pump is usually installed on the inlet manifold. A multi-way valve is also installed here, which is equipped with a thermometer. Depending on the set temperature, the thermometer interacts with a valve, which increases or decreases the flow of heated coolant into the general heating circuit.

After the coolant has transferred heat to the heating devices, it returns through the pipeline to the outlet manifold. Accordingly, after this the coolant rushes to the heating boiler, where it is again saturated with heat. Balancing elements are also installed on the input manifold. These elements regulate the amount of coolant that can pass through the collector. In general, for proper heating premises and optimal heating balance, and these both collectors respond.

Which pipes to choose?

The correct choice of pipes is a very important point when designing and installing any heating system. But for a system that is based on the ray principle, this point is doubly important. For this system, it is better to choose pipes that do not have increased rigidity. All this is because the radiant heating system uses a large number of connections. And each connection is a fitting. Accordingly, the fluid resistance in a system where there are many fitting connections increases significantly. To ensure that the system has fewer connections and uses more flexible pipes. Seamless polyethylene and metal-plastic pipes have proven themselves very well in these systems. These pipes, like a hose, are sold in coils.

Polyethylene and metal-plastic pipes have a special layer that prevents air from entering the heating system. When installing a radiant heating system, you need Special attention devote correct size pipes in different areas.

Radiant system with heated floor

As many may have noticed, a radiant heating system is installed on the same principle as a water heated floor. In theory, you can connect a warm floor to radiators through one comb. This method will be especially in demand by those who want to install heated floors in some rooms and radiators in others.

If you make a beam system together with warm floors, it will work. But keep in mind that heated floors are low temperature system, and radiators are high temperature.

If you don’t think about adjusting the temperature, then in one case with heated floors in the room you will be hot, in another case with radiators it will be cold. Keep this in mind.

There is another positive side effect collector system heating. Namely, a comfortable heated floor. The fact is that when radiant heating systems are installed, the distributor is mounted closer to the risers or the center of the room. In this case, pipelines from the distributor to the radiator in 99 percent of cases pass through corridors and enter rooms through doorways.

Yes, the pipes are insulated in this case pipe insulation in one layer. But many installers know that 6-9 mm thick insulation allows up to 30 percent of heat to pass through.

That is why, where the pipes of the radiant heating system of the house pass, the floors are not cold, but comfortably warm. With one heating system we catch two birds with one stone. We get reliable system heating without joints in building structures and comfortable heated floors.

Important installation points

As a rule, in a private house, a corresponding room is allocated for the boiler room, in which all the main elements of the heating system are located. The first stage of system installation is the installation of a heating boiler. After the boiler is installed, the inlet and outlet manifolds are installed. These system elements must be easily accessible. It is also necessary to install a Mayevsky tap on the output manifold.

Answers to frequently asked questions about the beam system

What pipe diameter should I choose?

Most often, when installing a beam system, 16-diameter pipes are enough. Used in rare cases larger diameter. Now we speak naturally about the diameter of the pipes from the collector.

How to do in two-story house?

Many people wonder how to make a beam system in a two-story house. We can make a beam system even in a skyscraper. The main thing is to use your own heating collector on each floor.

Is it possible to make a radiation system in an apartment?

Yes, you can. It is unlikely that this can be done directly from the thermal power plant. But if you have your own heating system or connect to a thermal power plant through a heat exchanger, then everything will work.

Is it better to have a two-pipe system or a beam system?

Conclusion

According to many users, the radiant heating system is recognized as the best of all systems. This system allows you to save energy resources, which is important in our time. But as you know, the maximum level of savings is achieved by reducing heat loss in your home. Therefore, it is best to start saving with good thermal insulation of the building.

There is quite a wide variety autonomous systems heating systems that are designed to heat private homes. In places where there are regular power outages or where there is no gas main nearby, people prefer traditional Russian stoves. This is the most striking example of a radiant heating system for a private home.

Modern radiant heating

Wiring of a radiant heating system

Russian stoves have quite big sizes, which sometimes creates difficulties in installing them in country houses and even more so in city apartments. However, technology does not stand still; heating systems are modified and adapted to the needs of modern people.

Based on the pipe connections from the collector to the radiators, systems are divided into three types:

• radial;
• two-pipe;
• single-pipe.

The operating principle of radiant heating is based on the fact that wiring is provided separately for each radiator. This is the most significant advantage of this system. If necessary, radiators can be turned on and off in groups or individually.

The system is equipped with a special heat supply valve. If it’s warm outside or household appliances are running in the kitchen, you can tighten the valve a little. Thanks to the ability to regulate the heat supply to the rooms, it is possible to save fuel.

Features and segments of beam distribution

Elements of a radiant heating system

A heating system based on radiant radiation is most suitable for use in apartment buildings or country/private houses with several floors and big amount rooms. This allows you to increase the efficiency of the entire heating system, guarantees high-quality heat supply and economically requires resources.

The operating principle of a radiant heating system is simple, but has its own characteristics. If the structure has several floors, collectors must be installed on each. Moreover, in some cases it is advisable to install not one, but several collectors on a floor, and run pipes from them. The effectiveness of the equipment will be undeniable if the house is well insulated and heat loss is minimal.

A radiant heating system includes several basic elements necessary for high-quality operation.

• The boiler is the main part. From it heat is supplied to the pipes, and from there to the radiators.
• Circular pumping station, thanks to which it is ensured required pressure The coolant circulates in the pipes.
• A collector with the help of which a uniform supply and distribution of heat is carried out throughout all rooms.

Another component is the closet. It manages to hide the distribution manifold, shut-off valves and pipes. The design is simple, practical and functional.

Radial heating connection diagram

Circulation pump connection diagram

In search of the most optimal variety heating circuit, most often give preference to radial floor-to-floor pipeline distribution. The essence of the method is that all pipes and components are hidden in the thickness of the floor. The main distribution body of the system is mounted in a niche in the wall enclosure or in a special cabinet.

To implement the connection diagram, you need a circular pump or several devices that are mounted on each branch or ring. Most often, this scheme is implemented on the basis of one- and two-pipe installation, displacing the tee connection method.

Supply and return manifolds are installed near the riser of a two-pipe system. From them, pipes are run under the floors to each radiator installed on the floor.

Each of the contours should approximately have the same length. If for certain reasons this is not possible, the large circuit must be separately equipped with a circular pump and automatic temperature control.

In this case, the temperature indicators on each circuit will be independent of each other. This is due to the fact that the pipeline will be under the screed. Each radiator is additionally equipped with an air valve. Air vents are usually installed on the manifold.

Before starting work, you need to determine the location of the equipment, make a paper list of everything you need and schematically depict the location of the selected radiators.

Radiant heating system and heated floor

A radiant heating system and a water heated floor are installed in a similar way. Heated floors can be connected to radiators through one manifold. This approach is extremely popular among people who want to insulate floors in some rooms, and not throughout the entire living space.

It is extremely important to provide temperature control, otherwise the room may become too hot or cold. When organizing a heated floor, the pipes must be insulated in one layer. Insulation material 6-10 mm thick allows no more than 30% of heat to pass through.

Advantages and disadvantages

With radiant heating, coolant with the same temperature is supplied to all radiators

The collector-beam heating system has absorbed all the advantages of its predecessors, which explains the popularity of the equipment.

Main advantages:

• Aesthetics.
• From a hydraulic point of view, this is the most advanced heating system. Each battery has individual lines, so the system segments are independent.
• If desired or necessary, you can disconnect any battery.
• All radiators receive water at the same temperature.
• It is possible to equip the system with means of automatic regulation and control of the entire circuit as a whole.
• The number of connections is minimal, there are no tees.

The most significant drawback is high price equipment and its installation. The costs of expensive manifolds and increased pipeline footage cannot be compensated for by the lack of fittings. If the building has several floors, the cost of the equipment doubles, triples, etc., depending on the number of floors. The installation itself under the floors in the future requires additional work on installing the floor covering.

Upgrading any radiant system is not particularly difficult; its implementation will require the installation of additional valves with a thermostatic head on each radiator that is connected to the system. Thanks to the thermostat, it is possible to set the most optimal one in a particular case temperature regime. The temperature will not rise above the parameters set by humans.

It is advisable to modernize the heating system in those buildings where each room is demarcated by purpose. For example, to store goods you need one temperature Range, but for a comfortable stay in the room of people is already different.

In the search for the most suitable heating system, it usually turns out that the radiant system is best suited, since it has much more advantageous features than disadvantages. The latter rest only on finances; the efficiency and productivity of the system are at their best. The average lifespan of heating equipment is 50 years.

Beam wiring: features and elements

Modern multi-apartment residential buildings and private cottages of any number of floors are increasingly equipped horizontal systems heating. A necessary element of such a scheme is one or more (in an apartment building - in each entrance) vertical two-pipe risers, which have branches/entrances into separate rooms/apartments on each floor. Further laying of pipelines is carried out in a “horizontal” way.

When installing such systems, builders invariably face the problem of the complexity of installation. heating pipes to the radiators. The pipelines of the vertical systems, laid along the walls from top to bottom, did not particularly disturb the residents. Horizontal pipes laid openly along the walls, become a factor interfering with the normal process of operation of the premises and do not fit well into their interiors. Therefore, various methods of horizontal hidden laying are used.

Pipeline layout in a branched dead-end circuit.

The minimum lengths of pipes and hydraulic resistance of the circuit are leveled by mutual crossing of pipelines, leading to an increase in the thickness of the screed (each centimeter costs from 40 rubles/m2).

• Dead-end scheme with pipelines in the screed or under the baseboard.

Pipeline layout diagram for a two-pipe dead-end system.

The lack of crossing of pipes in the diagram is offset by the need to make holes in the walls (in the given diagram you need to drill five holes).

• Layout of pipelines according to the scheme with associated movement of water (Tichelman scheme).

Pipeline layout according to the Tichelman scheme.

Here, the first radiator of the heating circuit has the shortest “supply” length and the longest “return” length, the last radiator is the opposite. The hydraulic resistance experienced by the coolant when flowing around the devices of the circuit is constant, which makes it possible to balance any number of radiators in a branch.

Pipeline layout for a collector-beam system.

The prevalence of this scheme is constantly growing. The pipes here are laid in the floor screed in pairs (“supply” plus “return”), approaching each radiator from the collectors (respectively, “supply” and “return”). The advantage of the scheme is ease of installation (no crossing of pipes and wall holes). The disadvantage is increased costs due to high pipe consumption and additional costs for collectors.

An additional advantage of the beam scheme is the use of small diameter pipes. An apartment (floor of a private house) will require the use of pipes d=25 and d=32 mm for the perimeter wiring diagram. Accordingly, the thickness of the screed and the diameter of the tees that connect the radiators will increase. The cost of such an element is comparable to the price of the pipe.

The use of radial routing, which increases the length of the pipes, provides the final benefit by reducing their diameter.

When using collector-beam wiring, a common method is to lay pipes in the floor in a screed, the thickness of which is 50-80 mm. Plywood is laid on top, covered with a finishing floor covering (parquet, linoleum). This thickness of the screed is quite sufficient for free “monolithization” of the intra-apartment (intra-house) radial wiring of the heating system.

Connecting radiators with a collector-beam circuit.

Metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene pipes (PEX pipes) are used, laid in a corrugated pipe or in thermal insulation. PEX pipes have an undoubted advantage here. According to SNiP, only unbreakable connections can be “mortared” into concrete. PEX pipes are connected using tension fittings, which are permanent connections.

Even without fittings, not every metal-plastic pipe is uniquely suitable for laying in a floor screed. Manufacturers' products suffer from a serious defect: layers of aluminum and polyethylene delaminate under the influence of repeatedly changing coolant temperature. After all, metal and plastic have different odds volumetric expansion. Therefore, the glue connecting them should be:

• internally strong (cohesive);
• adhesive to aluminum and polyethylene;
• flexible;
• elastic;
• heat resistant.

Not everyone meets these requirements. adhesive compositions even famous ones European manufacturers metal-plastic pipes that delaminate over time, the inner layer of polyethylene in such a pipe “collapses,” reducing its cross-section. The normal operation of the system is disrupted, and the location of the malfunction is almost impossible to find - usually they are blamed on malfunctions of thermostats, pumps and other products with moving parts.

In light of the above, we recommend that readers pay attention to metal-plastic pipes from VALTEC, which uses American adhesive from the DSM concern, which ensures the strength of the metal/plastic connection, adhesion and the complete absence of delamination.

In an apartment with horizontal radiant heating distribution (on the floors of private houses), distribution manifolds (supply and return) are installed, collecting all supply and return pipelines at their outlets. They are placed in specially designed metal cabinets, often built into the partitions of bathrooms and opening inside them.

Manifold cabinet with thermal energy metering unit.

Collectors can be complete, consisting of sections of thick pipes with outlet pipes, or assembled on tees. The materials for these devices can be:

• plastic;
• nickel plated brass;
• copper;
• stainless steel.

Many famous manufacturers heating equipment(VALTEC and others) produce ready-made manifold blocks that combine supply and return manifolds, manual adjustment valves (on the supply manifold), thermostatic valves (on the return manifold), automatic air vents, drain valves and mounting brackets.

Complete collector block.

task customization thermal regime Each single-radiator branch of the collector-radial heating system is controlled by tuning valves with built-in flow meters. The branches are of different lengths, and the coolant tends to flow the shortest way with minimal hydraulic resistance. It flows more intensely around short branches, warming up the radiators installed there more strongly.

Adjustment valves on the supply manifold change the flow of water (antifreeze), narrowing them conditional passages in short contours, and expanding in long ones. Setting up is a painstaking process, and the setting valve is not intended to quickly shut off or open the coolant flow along the circuits. This function is performed by thermostatic valves.

Thermal valves on the manifold – “return” – are valves that smoothly shut off the flow manually or automatically. The radiant heating system is easily hydraulically balanced.

Often there is not just one heating device installed in a room, but several. It is irrational to connect a separate two-pipe loop-branch to each radiator with collector-beam wiring. It is better to lay a separate branch to each room, which will bypass several heating devices inside the room, implementing a dead-end or passing circuit.

Scheme of combined heating system wiring.

Such a system is calculated as a beam system. Branches supplying coolant to several radiators are subject to separate calculations as dead-end or passing. IN modern systems radiators are equipped with thermal valves (temperature regulators), which can be adjusted by users to different temperatures, based on the current requirements for comfort in the room. It becomes difficult to maintain temperature stability in the room.

It turns out that you can get rid of instability while simultaneously reducing the cost of connecting radiators by connecting them according to the so-called. "pass-through scheme".

“Walk-through” radiator connection diagram.

The thermal valve is installed only on the first radiator in the circuit, regulating the coolant flow across all series-connected heating devices. They are perceived as one radiator. Balancing difficulties will arise with multi-section devices (10 or more sections).

The radiant heating system is optimal choice heat supply method for houses with a large number of rooms and utility rooms or for buildings with several floors. Thanks to its installation, the efficiency of equipment operation and the quality of heat transfer are significantly increased, since there is no unnecessary heat loss. In the photo you can see what one of the options looks like collector circuit heating the house.

The principle of operation of beam wiring is simple, but has a number of features. It involves the location of several heating collectors on each floor. from which they organize the laying of pipelines for direct and reverse supply of coolant (for more details: “Laying heating pipelines along correct scheme“). If a radial distribution of a heating system is being created, the instructions for such a scheme regulate the installation of structural elements in a cement screed.

Radiant heating of a private house is a structure consisting of several main elements:

1. Heating boiler. This device is the starting point, since from it the hot coolant is directed into pipelines and radiators. The power of the heating unit must correspond to the heat output of the heating equipment. There is the following nuance here: the radial layout of the heating system, unlike other pipeline layout options, has to a greater extent heat loss, which must be taken into account when calculating equipment parameters.
2. Circulation pump. According to the features of its device, radiant heating wiring belongs to closed type and its operation requires forced circulation of the coolant liquid. For this purpose, a special pump is installed that creates a certain pressure and pumps the liquid. As a result, the necessary temperature conditions are ensured, guaranteeing efficient work heat supply systems.

• high efficiency of coolant distribution;
• the possibility of differentiated regulation of the coolant flow through each circuit, up to the complete shutdown of individual circuits or radiators without negative impact to other heating circuits;
• the ability to automate the process of room temperature control, easy integration into systems " Smart House» by installing programmable sensors in individual rooms;

Automatic two-pipe radiant heating system. Manifold cabinet

• mandatory forced circulation of the coolant makes it possible to reduce the gap between the temperature of the coolant leaving the boiler and the “return” coolant;
• A well-performed calculation of such a radiant heating scheme using underfloor heating circuits allows you to even abandon the use of radiators.

• heating boiler;
• supply line;
• entrance at the collector.

Design, advantages and disadvantages of a radiant heating system

The heating piping must be laid out before starting internal repair work. If this is not done, then you will need to tear off the screed, lay pipes and refill the floors with a special solution.

• on all circuits, collectors must be equipped with thermostatic valves and devices that regulate coolant flow;
• When implementing a pipe layout for a heated floor system, thermostatic heads and electrothermal actuators are used. Thanks to these devices, the heated floor structure immediately responds to changes in air temperature in the room, maintaining comfort and coziness in it;
• when choosing the type of distribution system, you need to know that it can be made according to a standard or customized design. Professionals advise giving preference to the second option. IN individual systems then not only does the boiler function normally, but there are also no significant temperature changes, and fuel is consumed economically. Warm floors made using an individual radial distribution scheme can be installed in any building.

• the ability to hide the laying of pipelines and other equipment elements;
• lack of connections and as a result weak points between the collector and heating radiators;
• easy installation of the system and performing the work yourself, even without special skills. The number of connections is minimal and therefore assembly is completed in the shortest possible time;
• stable operation heating structure. In the case of using the beam distribution method, there is no possibility of hydraulic shocks. This problem is especially relevant in the case when imported plumbing fixtures are to be installed, for which the boundary pressure is 3 atmospheres;
• to repair or replace damaged sections of the pipeline, it is enough to turn off the circuit beam, and the entire system will continue to function as before;
• the equipment is affordable, as are all its components;
• simplification of the design and installation process of a heating structure due to the use of pipes of the same diameter coming from the comb.

The radiant heating system is characterized by efficiency, performance, inexpensive price, safety and comfort. This scheme can be used in any building for any purpose, starting from own home and ending with a large office building.

Comfortable life in a warm country house depends not only on the boiler. Everything matters here: from the diameter of the pipes to the heating distribution. The tee system is fading into oblivion: too little efficiency and “sluggishness”. Neither the temperature in the rooms can be increased at different levels install, or make repairs in winter without eviction of household members.