One of the decisive factors in the creation optimal conditions living in a city high-rise building, or a private house is the arrangement of a heating system. Any living space can be equipped with a two-pipe or one-pipe heat supply system. More often, a two-pipe system is used. What is a two-pipe heating system and what is its difference from a one-pipe heating system, the features of its installation - all this will be discussed in the article.

There is no unequivocal answer to the question of what would be better: a one-pipe or two-pipe heating system.

When choosing, one should take into account ease of use, efficiency, durability, cost and complexity of installation.

If the budget allows, then it is better not to save money and opt for the two-pipe version. If necessary to provide heat country house, then you can give preference to a single-pipe system. Since a two-pipe heating system in a private house will cost more. But his efficiency is much higher.

In addition, two-pipe heating is easy to use. Installation can be done by yourself. A two-pipe heating scheme is considered more in demand. Buying double the number of pipes to install is always worthwhile. For the equipment of a two-pipe system, there is no need to use pipelines with large diameter... During installation, less fasteners, valves, fittings are required.

Thus, for heating a private sector or a city high-rise building, a two-pipe heating system scheme can be used. single pipe system... The choice of a particular option depends on the consumer, his wishes and financial situation.

What is the peculiarity of two-pipe heating?

The highest quality heating, comfortable living conditions can be achieved through the use of a two-pipe scheme. A peculiarity of the scheme: two pipes are installed in each battery. The first pipe circulates hot water... It is connected to all heaters in parallel. The water that has already cooled down flows back into the system through the next pipe.

In front of the heater, taps are mounted, which are used to shut off the heat supply. With a two-pipe system, the heater temperature will be low. But the level of costs will also be lower than with a single-pipe network.

Horizontal and vertical two-pipe heating system

Heating two-pipe system is vertical and horizontal. The difference in the type of connection of all structural elements into one mechanism. The vertical scheme involves the connection of all parts of the system to a vertically located riser. Among the advantages is the absence of air congestion. Among the downsides is the higher installation cost. Vertical two-pipe heating system multi-storey building is the most appropriate. Since each floor can be separately connected to a common riser.

For one-story houses more the best option is considered a two-pipe horizontal heating system of a building. This scheme has its own characteristics. All radiators are connected to a horizontal pipeline. This type of heating is especially convenient in wooden houses or panel-frame rooms without walls. Risers are usually located in corridors. Since with a horizontal system, the external wiring does not look particularly attractive, all pipes during construction works try to hide under the screed.

The layout of a horizontal two-pipe network can be lower, upper and combined. For the private sector, the best option is a horizontal two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring and unnatural circulation of the coolant. In this case, the water supply to the risers is carried out through the main pipelines from the bottom.

Heating two-pipe network with top routing

Top routing involves piping in the attic or under the ceiling. A similar two-pipe heating system with top wiring is used extremely rarely. Since, it is characterized by a large consumption of material and does not fit well into the interior of the room. But the two-pipe heating system of a two-story house, a scheme with a combined wiring is used quite often. Suitable for areas with frequent power outages, for small premises.

Two-pipe vertical heating system assumes parallel connection of batteries. A special feature is that an expansion tank is mounted. The distribution pipeline is at the top. The heating medium from the boiler enters all the batteries. The horizontal scheme and the vertical one have differences: a horizontal heating system with a two-pipe scheme involves the installation of all pipes with a slight slope.

Heating two-pipe network with bottom wiring

The main difference between this type of system is the supply pipeline: a two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring diagram assumes its placement at the bottom, near the opposite. With such a wiring, water moves through the pipes in the direction from bottom to top. The coolant, passing through the return connections, enters the pipe thanks to the heating elements. Then the water enters the boiler. It should be noted that the two-pipe heating system with lower wiring involves the installation of Mayevsky taps. This is necessary to prevent the formation of air congestion. Such cranes are mounted on each battery separately.

Diagram of a two-pipe heating network

Two-pipe system assumes the presence of 2 pipes connected to each battery. This heating scheme is two-pipe one-storey house includes the following components:

The expansion tank is located at the top of the heating system. The slope of the pipes in the return, the flow should not be more than 10 cm by 20 running meters... Often during installation, the system is divided into two elbows, if the pipe bottom wiring is at front door... Create it from the location of the highest point in the system. With a two-pipe autonomous heating system with top wiring, the installation scheme may be different.

Two-pipe system with unnatural circulation

For two-story cottages and in the private sector, the scheme is most often used two-pipe heating with forced circulation coolant. The bottom line: all heating devices work like individual system... This allows each branch to be throttled. For a separate branch, you can choose your own, or connect one pump for the entire system. Pumps are of different capacities, have different sizes connecting elements. The cost of circulating pumping devices low.

I must say that a two-pipe forced circulation heating system involves connecting each of the batteries to the supply pipe by wiring. Each radiator has its own outlet to the return pipe. Such a system allows you to regulate the temperature level in any of the rooms.

Algorithm for installing a two-pipe system

Anyone can install a two-pipe system. The main thing is to know the procedure and have all the necessary equipment with you.

It does not matter which two-pipe heating system of a private house is chosen, a scheme with upper or lower wiring, for its installation the following tools may be required:

When the installation option is selected, a number of calculations should be carried out, an updated system diagram should be drawn up.

As a rule, the installation of heating a two-pipe system is not difficult and consists of the following stages:

The organization of heating a private house is not an easy job that requires maximum attention to each stage. First of all, it is necessary to decide which heating system to use: one-pipe or two-pipe? Your task is to choose the most effective option strapping, so that in the future you do not reap the fruits of your mistakes in the form of eternally cold ones. And in order to understand which of the systems is better, let's figure it out technical nuances and the principles of operation of each, and also compare their pros and cons.

Distinctive features of a one-pipe system

One-pipe piping operates according to an extremely simple principle: water circulates through closed system from the heating device to heating radiators... In this case, the equipment is united by one circuit. All technical units are connected in series with a common riser. In a private house, a hydraulic pump can be used to supply the coolant - it creates the pressure in the system necessary to effectively push water through the riser. Depending on the installation option, the one-pipe system is divided into two types:

1. Vertical - involves connecting radiators to one vertical riser according to the "top-down" scheme. Based on the features of the installation, the system is suitable only for two-three-storey private houses. But at the same time, the heating temperature on the floors may differ slightly.
2. Horizontal - provides serial connection batteries using a horizontal riser. Best option for a one-story house.

Important! There should be no more than 10 radiators on the riser of a one-pipe system, otherwise too uncomfortable temperature contrasts in different zones heating.

Pros and cons of a one-pipe system

In the matter of the advantages and disadvantages of one-pipe piping, everything is not so simple, therefore, in order to rationally evaluate the system, we will understand in detail the specifics of its pros and cons.

Among the obvious advantages:

• Cost effective - the assembly of a one-pipe system does not require a large number working materials. Saving on pipes and various auxiliary elements makes it possible to reduce financial costs for connection heating system.
• Ease of installation - you only need to install one line for the coolant.

One-pipe horizontal heating system

Cons of one-pipe piping:

• The impossibility of monitoring individual batteries - in the basic version, the single-pipe piping does not allow separately regulating the supply of the coolant to a particular radiator and adjusting the temperature in different rooms.
• The interdependence of all elements - in order to repair or replace any device, it is necessary to completely turn off the heating system.

At the same time, the indicated disadvantages, if desired, can be easily leveled with the help of closing devices - bypasses. They are jumpers with taps and gates that block the flow of coolant to a separate battery: if you need to repair any device, just block the water supply to it and start performing without fear of leakage necessary work- water in normal mode will continue to circulate in common system heating, bypassing the covered area. In addition, thermostats can be connected to the bypasses in order to control the operating power of each specific battery and separately regulate the heating temperature of the premises.

Technical subtleties of the two-pipe system

The two-pipe system works according to a complicated scheme: first, the hot coolant is supplied to the radiators through the first branch of the pipeline, and then, already cooled down, the water flows back to the heater through the return branch. Thus, we have two fully functional pipes.

Like one-pipe piping, two-pipe piping can be made in two variations. So, depending on the characteristics of the connection heating equipment, there are the following types of heating systems:

1. Vertical - all devices are connected by a vertical riser. The advantage of the system is the absence of air congestion. The downside is the relatively high cost of connection.
2. Horizontal - all components of the heating system are connected to a horizontal riser. Due to its high functionality, the strapping is suitable for single-storey dwellings with a large heating area.

Advice. When arranging a horizontal two-pipe system, a special Mayevsky valve must be installed in each radiator - it will perform the function of bleeding air plugs.

In turn, the horizontal system is divided into two more subspecies:

1. Bottom routing: the hot and return branches are located in the basement or under the floor of the lower floor. Heating radiators should be located above the heater level - this improves the circulation of the coolant. An upper air line must be connected to the general circuit - it removes excess air from the network.
2. With top routing: hot and return branches are laid in the upper part of the house, for example, in a high-quality insulated attic. An expansion tank is also located here.

Pros and cons of a two-pipe system

Two-pipe piping boasts a rather large list of advantages:

• Independence of system components - pipes are routed in parallel collector circuit, which ensures their isolation from each other.
• Uniform heating - in all radiators, wherever they are located, the coolant is supplied with the same temperature.

Two-pipe heating system

• No need to use a strong hydraulic pump - the coolant circulates through the two-pipe system by gravity due to only gravitational force, therefore, you do not need to use a powerful pump equipment... And if there is a weak head of the water flow, you can connect the simplest pump.
• The possibility of "building up" batteries - if necessary, after assembling the equipment, you can extend the existing horizontal or vertical piping, which is unrealistic with a single-pipe heating system.

There are also disadvantages of a two-pipe system:

• Complicated wiring diagram for heating equipment.
• Labor intensity of installation.
• The high cost of organizing heating due to a large number pipes and accessories.

Now you know how one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems differ from each other, which means that it will be easier for you to decide in favor of one of them. Before making the final choice, carefully evaluate the technical and functional pros and cons of each of the straps - so you will understand exactly what system is needed to heat your particular private house.

Connecting heating radiators: video

Heating system: photo

For every private household, the installation of a heating system is considered one of the fundamental issues. Modern technologies construction offers two options: one-pipe or two-pipe system.

It is important here not to make too cheap, trying to reduce the cost of installation and procurement of materials. And only after understanding the principle of operation of these systems, with their advantages and disadvantages, you can make the right choice.

The operation of a one-pipe heating system follows fairly simple principles. There is only one closed pipeline through which the coolant circulates. Passing through the boiler, the carrier heats up, and passing through the radiators gives them this heat, after which, cooled down, it enters the boiler again.

There is also one riser in a one-pipe system, and its location depends on the type of building. So, for one-story private houses, it is best suited horizontal layout, while for multi-storey buildings - vertical.

Note! A hydraulic pump may be required to pump the coolant through vertical risers.

Several improvements can be made to improve the efficiency of the one-pipe system. For example, install bypasses - special elements that are pipe sections connecting the direct and return pipes of the radiator.

This solution makes it possible to connect thermostats to the radiator that can control the temperature of each heating element, or completely disconnect them from the system. Another plus of bypasses is that they allow you to replace or repair individual heating elements without shutting down the entire system.

Installation features

To the heating system long years gave warmth to the owners of the house, during the installation process it is worth adhering to the following sequence of actions:

• According to the developed project, the boiler is being installed.
• The pipeline is being installed. In places where the project provides for the installation of radiators and bypasses, tees are installed.
• If the system works on the principle of natural circulation, it is necessary to provide a slope of 3-5 cm for each meter of length. For a contour with forced circulation, a slope of 1 cm per meter of length will be sufficient.
• For systems with forced circulation, a circulation pump is installed. It should be borne in mind that the device is not designed for operation with high temperatures, therefore, it will be better to install it near the inlet of the return pipe to the boiler. In addition, the pump must be connected to the electrical network.
• Installation expansion tank... Tank open type should be located at the highest point of the system, closed - in any convenient place (most often it is mounted not far from the boiler).
• Installation of heating radiators. They weigh a lot (especially those filled with water), so they are fixed using special brackets, which, as a rule, are included in the kit. Installation is most often carried out under window openings.
• Installation in progress additional devices- Mayevsky taps, plugs, overlapping devices.
• The final stage is testing the finished system, for which water or air is supplied to it under pressure. If the tests do not reveal problem areas, the system is ready for operation.

A two-pipe heating system is more complex than a one-pipe heating system, and the amount of materials required for installation is much larger. Nevertheless, it is the 2-pipe heating system that is more popular. The name implies that it uses two contours. One serves to deliver the hot coolant to the radiators, and the second takes the cooled coolant back. Such a device is applicable for all types of structures, as long as their layout allows the installation of this structure.

The demand for a double-circuit heating system is explained by the presence a number of significant advantages... First of all, it is preferable to a single-circuit one, since in the latter the coolant loses a noticeable part of the heat even before it enters the radiators. In addition, the double-circuit design is more versatile and suitable for houses of different storeys.

The disadvantage of a two-pipe system its high price is considered. However, many people mistakenly believe that the presence of 2 circuits implies the use of twice the number of pipes, and the cost of such a system is twice that of a single pipe. The fact is that for a one-pipe structure, it is necessary to take pipes large diameter... This ensures normal circulation of the coolant in the pipeline, and therefore effective work such a design. The advantage of a two-pipe one is that pipes of a smaller diameter are taken for its installation, which are much cheaper. Accordingly and additional elements(squeezers, valves, etc.) are also used with a smaller diameter, which also somewhat reduces the cost of the design.

The budget for installing a two-pipe system will not come out much more than for a one-pipe system. On the other hand, the efficiency of the former will be noticeably higher, which will be a good compensation.

Application example

One of the places where two-pipe heating would be very useful is garage... it workroom, therefore, constant heating is not required here. In addition, a two-pipe heating system with your own hands is a very real idea. Installing such a system in the garage is not necessary, but it will not be superfluous at all, since in winter time it is very difficult to work here: the engine does not start, the oil freezes, and just working with your hands is uncomfortable. The two-pipe heating system provides quite acceptable conditions for being in the room.

Varieties of two-pipe systems for heating

There are several criteria by which such heating structures can be classified.

Open and closed

Closed systems suggest the use of an expansion tank with a membrane. They can work with high blood pressure... Instead of plain water in closed systems, ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids can be used, which do not freeze when low temperatures(up to 40 ° C below zero). Motorists know these fluids under the name "antifreeze".

1. Heating boiler; 2. Security group; 3. Overpressure relief valve; 4. Radiator; 5. Return pipe; 6. Expansion tank; 7. Valve; 8. Drain valve; nine. Circulation pump; 10. Manometer; 11. Make-up valve.

However, it must be remembered that for heating devices exists special formulations coolants, as well as special additives and additives. The use of common substances can lead to damage to expensive heating boilers. Such cases can be regarded as out of warranty, because the repair will require significant costs.

Open system is characterized by the fact that the expansion tank must be installed strictly at the highest point of the device. It must provide for an air connection and a drain pipe through which excess water is drained from the system. You can also take through it warm water for household needs... However, such an application of the tank requires automatic replenishment of the structure and excludes the possibility of using additives and additives.

1. Heating boiler; 2. Circulation pump; 3. Heating devices; 4. Differential valve; 5. Locking valves; 6. Expansion tank.

And yet a two-pipe heating system closed type it is considered safer, therefore modern boilers are most often designed for it.

Horizontal and vertical

These types differ in the location of the main pipeline. It serves to connect all structural elements. Both horizontal and vertical systems have own dignity and disadvantages. However, they both show good heat dissipation and hydraulic stability.

Two-pipe horizontal heating structure found in one-story buildings, and vertical- in high-rise buildings. It is more complicated and, accordingly, more expensive. Here vertical risers are used, to which heating elements are connected on each floor. The advantage of vertical systems is that, as a rule, they do not have air locks because the air is piped up to the expansion tank.

Forced and natural circulation systems

These types differ in that, firstly, there is an electric pump that makes the coolant move, and secondly, the circulation occurs by itself, obeying physical laws. The downside of pump designs is that they depend on the availability of electricity. For small rooms, it makes a special sense in compulsory systems no, except that the house will heat up faster. With large areas, such designs will be justified.

In order to choose the right type of circulation, it is necessary to take into account which type of pipe routing used: top or bottom.

Top-wired system involves laying the main pipeline under the ceiling of the building. This ensures high pressure coolant, thanks to which it passes well through the radiators, which means that the use of the pump will be unnecessary. Such devices look more aesthetically pleasing, the pipes at the top can be hidden decorative elements... However, this system needs to be installed membrane tank, which entails additional costs. An open tank can also be installed, but it must be at the highest point of the system, that is, in the attic. In this case, the tank must be insulated.

Bottom wiring involves the installation of the pipeline just below the windowsill. In this case, you can install an open expansion tank anywhere in the room slightly above the pipe and radiators. But you cannot do without a pump in such a design. In addition, difficulties arise if the pipe must pass by the doorway. Then it is necessary to let it go around the perimeter of the door or make 2 separate wings in the contour of the structure.

Dead-end and passing

In a dead end system coolant hot and cooled go to different directions. V passing system , designed according to the Tichelman scheme (loop), both flows go in the same direction. The difference between these types is in the ease of balancing. If the associated one, when using radiators with an equal number of sections, is already balanced in itself, then a thermostatic valve or a needle valve must be installed in the dead-end for each radiator.

If in the Tichelman scheme, radiators with an unequal number of sections are used, then valves or valves are also required here. Even so, this design is easier to balance. This is especially true in extended heating systems.

Selection of pipes by diameter

The choice of the cross-section of the pipes must be made based on the volume of the coolant, which must pass per unit of time. It, in turn, depends on the heat output that is required to heat the room.

In our calculations, we will proceed from the fact that the amount of heat losses is known and there is numerical value heat required for heating.

Calculations begin with the final, that is, the farthest radiator of the system. To calculate the flow rate of the coolant for a room, you need the formula:

G = 3600 × Q / (c × Δt), where:

• G - water consumption for space heating (kg / h);
• Q - thermal power required for heating (kW);
• c - heat capacity of water (4.187 kJ / kg × ° C);
• Δt is the temperature difference between the hot and cooled heat carrier, taken equal to 20 ° C.

For example, it is known that the heat output for heating a room is 3 kW. Then the water consumption will be:
3600 × 3 / (4.187 × 20) = 129 kg / h, that is, about 0.127 cubic meters. m of water per hour.

To water heating has been balanced as accurately as possible, it is necessary to determine the cross-section of the pipes. For this we use the formula:

S = GV / (3600 × v), where:

• S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe (m2);
• GV - volumetric water flow rate (m3 / h);
• v - the speed of water movement, is in the range of 0.3-0.7 m / s.

If the system uses natural circulation, then the speed of movement will be minimal - 0.3 m / s. But in this example, let's take the average value - 0.5 m / s. Using this formula, we calculate the cross-sectional area, and based on it, the inner diameter of the pipe. It will be 0.1 m. polypropylene pipe the nearest larger diameter. This product has an inner diameter of 15mm.

Then we move on to the next room, calculate the flow rate of the coolant for it, add it up with the flow rate for the calculated room and determine the diameter of the pipe. And so on to the boiler itself.

System installation

When installing a structure, you should adhere to certain rules:

• any two-pipe system includes 2 circuits: the upper one is used to supply hot coolant to the radiators, the lower one is used to remove the cooled one;
• the pipeline should have a slight slope towards the final radiator;
• the pipes of both circuits must be parallel;
• the central riser must be insulated to prevent heat loss when supplying the coolant;
• in reversible two-pipe systems, it is necessary to provide several taps with which it is possible to drain water from the device. This may be needed during repair work;
• when designing a pipeline, it is necessary to provide for the smallest possible number of angles;
• the expansion tank must be installed at the highest point in the system;
• diameters of pipes, taps, squeegees, connections must match;
• when installing a pipeline made of heavy steel pipes to support them, you need to install special fasteners. The maximum distance between them is 1.2 m.

How to make correct connection heating radiators, which will ensure maximum comfortable conditions in the apartment? When installing two-pipe heating systems, you must adhere to the following sequence:

1. The central riser of the heating system is diverted from the boiler.
2. At the highest point, the central riser ends with an expansion tank.
3. From it, pipes are laid throughout the building, which supply hot coolant to the radiators.
4. To remove the cooled heat carrier from heating radiators with a two-pipe design, a parallel supply pipeline is laid. It must be connected to the bottom of the boiler.
5. For systems with forced circulation of the coolant, an electric pump must be provided. It can be installed at any convenient point. Most often, it is mounted near the boiler, near the point of entry or exit.

Connecting a heating radiator is not such a difficult process if you approach this issue carefully.

The arrangement of any apartment or private house is very important factor comfortable stay person. One of the main elements of a dwelling is considered to be a heat supply source. For any private house, for example, a one-story house, or an apartment, one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems can be mounted. In the first version, the installation is considered quite simple. It does not require too high material costs and long pipeline length.

However, a two-pipe heating scheme is more in demand.

The operation of such a system is considered appropriate and relevant in our time. Its main advantage, in contrast to a single-pipe network, is that the purchase of a double amount of pipes required for installation, as a rule, is always justified. This is due to the fact that to create such a heating system, there is no need to use pipes with a sufficiently large diameter. Also, the level of need for shaped products, valves and fasteners. The difference in the cost of materials for a two-pipe and one-pipe heating system is insignificant, but the effect of using the first option is much higher. The whole installation work in this case, it is quite possible to do it even with your own hands.

Feature of a two-pipe heating system for a dwelling

The presence in the house is heating network always means a quality and comfortable way to heat your home. The scheme of a two-pipe system implies the installation of two pipes in each radiator. Hot water moves in one of them. It connects in parallel to all heating devices... Water flows back into the system with the help of another pipe, which has already cooled down.

Special taps are installed in front of the radiators. With the help of them, any heating element can be disconnected from the heat supply. Radiator temperature with hot water with a two-pipe system, it will be quite low. But the level of costs in this case will still be lower than in the case of using a single-pipe heating network. In practice, it is customary to distinguish dead-end and direct-flow two-pipe elements.

The installation diagram of any such heating system assumes the presence of the following materials:

• water heating means (boiler);
• safety valve;
• cleaning reagents;
• expansion tank;
• pump for water circulation;
• radiators;
• pressure gauge;
• additional fittings;
• air exhaust mechanism;
• pipes.

To install the system, you need the following tools:

• hammer;
• drill;
• welding machine;
• adjustable and gas wrench;
• roulette;
• screwdriver;
• level and plumb line.

Horizontal type two-pipe system

The main difference between vertical and horizontal views of the heating system depends entirely on the pipes. They connect all devices into a single, holistic arrangement mechanism. Two-pipe vertical layout, in contrast to a one-pipe system, is designed to connect all devices to a vertically located riser. During its operation, no air locks arise, but at the same time installation and installation are more expensive. This type of heating is very suitable for a private multi-storey building, since all floors can be separately connected to the riser.

The horizontal system is relevant for a one-story building and has its own unique advantages. In this case, the radiators are connected to the pipeline, which is in the appropriate position. This type of heating is very convenient to equip wooden houses and panel-frame buildings that do not have walls. Risers are usually installed in corridors. For horizontal system heating, the following scheme is suitable.

This type of heating element includes two main types of connection of thermal components - radial and serial. The first type is based on a separate heat supply to the radiator. The feature of the sequential view of the horizontal two-pipe system is based on the total number of pipelines. Each of the above types has its own advantages. With the ray view, there is no need to control the passage of the throttles, which are located near the boiler, and to regulate the two-pipe heating system. Wherein temperature regime remains unchanged and the same along the entire radial length. One of the main disadvantages of such a heating system is the high consumption of material.

When pulling horizontal wiring along the wall to a multitude of radiators, it is practically impossible to maintain a high-quality appearance... Therefore, the best option would be to hide all pipes during construction under a screed. Beam system the most practical and appropriate for a one-story house. For heating any premises, it will be advantageous to use a sequential two-pipe network. This is primarily due to the fact that in the heating system, the temperature of the coolant must always be maintained at the same level.

For correct installation and settings of a horizontal two-pipe heating network, the following nuances must be taken into account:

• complete installation of this system, as a rule, takes a long period of time;
• all network adjustment must be implemented before the onset of cold weather;
• for a qualitative calculation of the horizontal heating system, you should seek the help of a qualified specialist.

Diagram of a two-pipe heating system with an upper wiring type

The main essence of a vertical two-pipe heating system for a private house or apartment, which distinguishes it from a single-pipe network, is parallel connection radiators into which heat is supplied from the boiler. A feature of this heating method is the mandatory presence of an expansion tank and top installation distribution pipeline. The coolant flows from the boiler up the pipeline, rising evenly along each connection to all radiators. The expansion tank is usually installed at the top of the heating circuit.

The main difference between the vertical and horizontal systems is that when the latter is installed, all pipes are mounted with a slight slope. Water from heat heaters returns back to the return pipeline through return connections, and from it back to the boiler. A feature of such a heating system is the presence of two pipelines - supply and return. Therefore, such heating network called two-pipe, not single-pipe.

The water supply system is carried out using a plumbing. In the absence of water supply, all liquid must be filled manually through the opening of the expansion tank. It is best to feed the heating system to the return when cold water mixes up with hot. At the same time, during the make-up, the circulating head increases and the level of its density rises. The functional diagram of such a system is shown below.

With this type of two-pipe vertical heating, in contrast to a one-pipe network, the heat carrier is heated under strong pressure and moves to the upper level of the attic. After that, he goes down the heating radiators. Cooled water is fed back into the pipes, which are lower than the level of the radiators. With this circulation, the expansion vessel will automatically remove any accumulated air.

Two-pipe heating system with bottom piping

A distinctive feature of this heating system is the supply pipeline, which is installed from the bottom near the return. Water at the bottom wiring through the supply pipes moves from bottom to top. It passes through the return pipes and enters the pipe by means of heating devices. Then the water moves to the boiler. All air pockets are released from the heating system using air taps. They must be installed on every radiator. The scheme and advantages of the heating network are as follows.

A two-pipe heating network with a bottom wiring, as a rule, is designed with one, several, associated or dead-end circuits. In practice, this type of heating system is not used very often. This is due to the fact that air drains must be installed on each end radiator. These systems have a special expansion tank, with the help of which the air mass is drawn into the circulation ring. In this regard, the process of bleeding air from the radiators must be carried out once a week. One of the main advantages of the system is the ability to heat the house even before the completion of the construction process.

Diagram of a two-pipe heating system

A feature of the two-pipe system is the presence of two pipes supplied to each of the radiators: the upper one with direct current, and the lower one with reverse. This is how it differs from a one-pipe heating network. A heating network diagram for a private house or apartment includes the following components:

• boiler;
• thermostatic valve;
• aerial vehicle;
• balancing device;
• batteries;
• valve;
• tank;
• pipeline filter;
• temperature manometer;
• pump;
• safety valve.

A working diagram of two-pipe heating for a private two-story house is shown below.

The expansion vessel must be installed on the topmost element of the system. In the event that your house is equipped autonomous system water supply, the above element can be combined with a consumable type of water supply tank. The permissible parameter of the slope of pipes in the return and flow should not exceed 10 cm at 20 linear meters. During installation, a two-pipe heating system is often divided into two separate elbows if the lower piping is located directly at the front door. It should be created from the location of the highest point in the system.

In the presence of an autonomous two-pipe heating network with a wiring of the upper type, it can be implemented different scheme installation. It all depends on the location of the expansion tank and the level of height from the floor. The optimal solution there will be a tank installation in a warm room with free access to it. However, if the upper horizontal-type feed pipe is located in the middle between the window and the ceiling, then such an installation will be very inconvenient. Installing an expansion tank over a ceiling, for example, in an attic, will also be completely wrong from a safety point of view in a cold period of time.

The process of operation of a two-pipe system will be the best if there is a maximum pipe length for heat supply. With different diameters of these elements, the quality and efficiency of such a heating network will always increase. This is due to the fact that at the very beginning of the wiring is the upper point of the heat supply pipe. The efficiency of any heating system is increased by having a pump for circulation. It has a power that varies from 65 to 110 watts, and at long-term operation there is no need for additional maintenance.

Thanks to this component, the heating rate of any room is significantly increased. But with a two-pipe heating system with an upper wiring type, the use of such an element will be impractical and unnecessary.