The ceiling is the area in the room that is responsible for the preservation of heat. After all, heat rises, and if the ceiling is defective and there are no obstacles in its path, then it slips out. Warming attic space perhaps, and now we will consider how to insulate the ceiling from the side of the attic different ways.

The need for insulation

Attic insulation in the private sector will be required in the following cases:

1. The house is being prepared for construction and the ceiling consists of beams only.
2. A residential building, but the ceiling needs to be insulated, as it allows cold into the premises.
3. In the attic, the temperature is much lower than in the living room, and so that the heat of an unheated room does not go outside, it is insulated.

Types of heaters

When insulating the ceiling, the following materials are used:

• Sawdust.
• Expanded clay.
• Clay.
• Reeds.
• Seaweed.
• Ecowool.
• Penoplex.
• Minvata.
• Polyurethane foam (foam).

Let's consider each material separately.

Ceiling insulation methods

What are the principles of attic insulation? It's no secret to anyone that the best insulation is air. In the current thermal insulation materials there is air, which is enclosed in a form in different ways.

Since the experience of the last century, the air that is locked in the attic has been an excellent insulating "material" as it changes with seasons or weather conditions.

The floor of the attic was insulated with a natural bulk substance. And all this helped to keep the temperature inside the heated room up to + 25 ° C. The positive thing is that these materials do not get damp in the attic due to regular ventilation.

Sawdust

Smear the cracks in the wooden floor with watery clay, pour sand on top, but if the clay cracks in some place, then sand gets into the cavity and the integrity of the coating will not change. Further, the main layer is sawdust (thickness can be either 15–20 cm or 25–30 cm). Sawdust is a combustible material, in order to protect it from fire, a layer of waste slag is poured on top. Boards are laid on top of the slag, for the convenience of walking on the floor.

To protect the sawdust from pests (mice), fill in a layer of slaked lime, mixed with carbonite.

The floor must be protected from excessive moisture. To do this, lay on the wood floor waterproofing film with the possibility of passing steam from the edge of the dwelling or to cover the floor with clay, mix sawdust and cement (10: 1, where 10 parts of sawdust, 1 part of cement) and then add 1.5 parts of water. Pour the resulting mixture on the floor of the attic or between the beams of the subfloor. This work is best done in the spring, so that the cement with sawdust dries well in the summer. After drying, the sawdust does not break through, but crunch a little underfoot.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay is a heavy substance, it is used to insulate ceilings from concrete floors, because there is a possibility that a wooden ceiling may collapse under the weight of this insulation.

Insulation of the ceiling from the side of the attic begins with a vapor barrier film. It is necessary to cover it with an overlap, and glue the joints with adhesive tape. The overlap on the walls will be up to 50 cm. The wooden rafters and the chimney are pasted over with the same film.

The next step is to place the mixed clay. Further, on top - expanded clay.

In order for the heat-insulating material to be durable, you need to take small and large expanded clay (the fine fraction will perfectly fill the voids, then the backfill will become homogeneous). In cold climates, expanded clay should be laid in a layer of at least 500 mm.

A sand-cement screed is laid on top of the expanded clay in a layer of 50 mm. The solution is quite thick. After drying, such an attic is used as a boiler room. It is fireproof and environmentally friendly.

Clay

Clay in pure form it is not used as a heater, because for the effective operation of thermal insulation, such a layer must be at least 50 cm. For this reason, clay is mixed with straw or sawdust.

Initially, a vapor barrier film is laid on the floor, impermeable to moisture (at that time, a sawdust-clay solution is being prepared). Then add 5 buckets of clay (1 bucket approximately 10 liters) to a barrel with a large capacity.

Clay, being in water, should be almost all dissolved. Pour part of the mixture into the concrete mixer little by little and throw in the sawdust. When mixing the whole consistency, gradually add water.

The solution should be neither thick nor liquid. It must be applied to the ceiling with a layer of 20 cm. The entire surface is leveled and left to dry completely (if cracks occur, they are again smeared with clay).

reeds

A good option would be to insulate the attic in wooden house reed mats. Such mats are interconnected by wire or twine, stacked on top of the floors. It is better if they are laid in two layers, so that the cold will not be passed into the premises of the house.

Seaweed

Algae is a natural insulating material. You can buy them in coastal regions at affordable prices by ordering home delivery. Seaweed will not get rodents, they are anti-allergenic, do not burn or smoke.

Due to the fact that the algae is not afraid of moisture, it is not vapor barrier. Ladders are laid on the floor from it, in a layer of 20 cm, and boards are equipped on top.

Ecowool

Cellulose wool (ecowool) is an excellent natural substance that ensures the preservation of heat. Fireproof due to treatment with boric acid. It perfectly absorbs moisture, for this reason it is not necessary to lay a vapor barrier film. Cellulose wool is laid on both wooden and concrete floors.

With the help of a blowing machine, ecowool is blown into the cracks. The layer, in such a heater, comes out saturated and whole, with an air "prisoner" inside.

A layer of ecowool of 25 cm is enough, but in most cases thermal insulation layer attic floor is 40–50 cm. When applying ecowool, at the end of work, water can be sprayed to increase the process of formation of a solid layer.

Penoplex

Penoplex is polystyrene foam with excellent strength properties. It is used when warming the concrete floor, before the concrete floor is poured. Such material is not used for wooden floors, because it will not “breathe”, as a result of which fungi and mold will appear on the tree.

Before laying, the attic floor is leveled, after which the vapor barrier material is laid. Next, the plates are laid out with a run, and the surface is fixed with dowels with a cap. Fill the joints with mounting foam, and when it dries, fill it with a sand-cement screed in a layer of 5 cm.

mineral wool

The most popular insulation material is mineral wool. It is available in rolls and in rigid boards.

A vapor barrier material is laid between the wooden beams (since mineral wool is incompatible with moisture). The film is spread with an overlap, gluing the joints with adhesive tape.

From the side of the walls, an allowance of 150–250 mm is made. After that, rolls of cotton wool are placed in a thickness of 200–250 mm. The rolls should enter the space with little effort, cut with a margin of 20 mm (greater than the distance of the beams). Then the mineral wool is covered with wooden boards (with a gap between the board and the wool of 3 mm).

If the floor is concrete, then the concrete floors are leveled, then a vapor barrier film is covered, and tiled mineral wool is laid on top of it. Then the flooring is equipped with wood, plywood or other materials.

Do not screed on mineral wool, as concrete has poor vapor permeability, because of this, the main rules of thermal insulation will be violated.

Polyurethane foam (foam)

Polyurethane foam is a non-combustible insulation material, neutral for insects and microorganisms, has good soundproofing and waterproofing properties, tolerates temperature changes perfectly, with no cold bridges.

The material is sprayed under high pressure. So, it gets into all the cracks, enveloping all the protruding elements. The layer of such material is 100–120 mm.

The process of insulating an attic in a private house is simple, the main thing is to figure out what kind of material for insulation is most acceptable in your case.

Video

You can learn more about how to insulate the ceiling from the attic side by watching the video:

Scheme

The schemes proposed by us will help you to insulate the ceiling with high quality:

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How and what is better to insulate the ceiling in a private house

In order to keep the heat in the room, it is necessary to carry out thermal insulation measures. 15% of all heat loss occurs through the ceiling. Before you carry out the insulation of your ceiling in a private house with your own hands, you need to correctly select the material and familiarize yourself with the technology of work. Activities can be performed in several ways, it all depends on the type of insulated ceiling.

Ways to perform work

The ceiling insulation technology assumes the existence of only two installation options:

• outside the premises;
• from inside the room.

When choosing between them, several factors are taken into account. The article is about holding events in a private house, it is worth remembering that the insulation in the apartment is carried out according to the same principle, but the work can only be done from below, since the insulation from above affects the upper apartment or attic - the common house area.

Outside ceiling insulation scheme

Most often, in apartment buildings, insulation is required to increase the sound insulation of interfloor ceilings or thermal insulation of the ceiling of the last floor.

In a private house, the choice of method is limited only by the decision of the owner of the house. Carrying out measures for interfloor ceilings (as sound insulation) is not required, they carry out thermal protection of the ceiling of the last floor in the presence of an unheated attic. It is worth noting that a competent option is the thermal insulation of the ceiling from the outside, from the side of cold air. This has the following advantages:

The phased process of insulating the ceiling with mineral wool

• in addition to the room, the floor structure is insulated, which increases its service life;
• ceiling insulation from the attic side does not reduce the height of the upper floor;
• the work does not require serious efforts (when fixing the insulation from below, you must constantly keep your head up and use a ladder or other means of access);
• with different methods of thermal insulation measures, the location of the dew point (condensation point) changes, with warming from the side warm air it falls into the thickness of the overlap pie, which can cause problems in the future;
• the method does not affect the interior decoration of the premises, if in the future it is necessary to replace the insulation, the work can be done quickly and without additional financial costs.

If necessary, the ceiling can be insulated from the inside.

Insulation from the attic

Thermal protection from the side of cold air is best carried out with materials that have a high density and rigidity. An attic is a space in which it is necessary to provide access for the passage of a person. If compressible, fragile material is laid on top of the attic floor, it may crumple, deform or collapse and cease to perform its functions. When choosing a heater for this method, strength is as important as thermal conductivity.

The scheme of insulation of the ceiling in the attic

Before you insulate the ceiling in a private house, you need to familiarize yourself with the order of work:

1. The attic space is cleared of debris and dirt. The insulation must lie on a clean and even base.
2. Space is measured, calculated required amount thermal insulation material.
3. Depending on the material chosen, a vapor barrier layer is provided. It must be laid on the side of warm air relative to the heat insulator. Not all materials need vapor barrier, if the insulation is resistant to moisture and has a low moisture absorption coefficient, no additional measures are required.
4. Laying is carried out in two ways, the choice between which depends on the strength of the purchased material. If thermal protection is carried out with a high-strength insulation, it can be laid under a cement-sand screed. To increase the reliability of the structure, the screed is taken with a thickness of at least 2 cm and is additionally reinforced with wire reinforcement with a diameter of 3-4 mm. If the strength of the heat insulator is not high enough, installation is carried out between the lags. Availability wooden frame allows you to remove the load on the floor of the room from the insulation and transfer it through the bars to the ceiling.
5. After installation of the heat-insulating layer, waterproofing is provided. It will prevent the insulation from getting wet from the outside. Water in the attic can appear during roof leaks or liquid spills, waterproofing in case of unforeseen situations protects the heat-insulating layer from loss of performance. The simplest material for waterproofing is polyethylene film.
6. The next step is the installation of the floor pie.

Warming from the inside

Before you insulate the ceiling, choose a fairly light material. In contrast to the installation of thermal protection from the outside, the insulation of the ceiling from the inside does not require the use of durable heat insulators. In this case, they try to choose the insulation that will hold securely on a horizontal surface. The smaller all the layers, the easier it is to mount it.

An example of correct and incorrect installation of insulation

To understand how to properly insulate the ceiling in this case, you need to familiarize yourself with the order of work:

1. As with the previous method, first the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust. Calculate the required amount of material.
2. Next, the installation of a wooden or metal frame is required. If during installation from the outside it can be laid without additional bars or boards, then when installing from below, it is better to ensure reliable fastening. The ceiling structure is subsequently attached to the frame. As frame elements, wooden boards or bars or aluminum are used. ceiling profile.
3. The insulation is placed between the guides. Mounting can be glued to the ceiling or using fasteners to the frame. Both of these options are often used together.
4. The final stage is the installation of the ceiling.

Materials for insulation

The choice of thermal insulation layer depends on the method of insulation and the financial capabilities of the owner of the house. To answer the question, what is the best way to insulate the ceiling, you need to distribute the materials that can be used for each case.

For the top method use:

• rigid mineral wool boards (for more details, see the article “Insulation of your ceiling in a private house with mineral wool”);
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• polystyrene of high strength grades, placed between the lags or under a reinforced screed;
• polyurethane foam (only between the lags);
• sawdust;
• expanded clay.

The last two options are suitable for those who care about the environmental component of construction. Expanded clay and sawdust are an inexpensive and natural option for thermal insulation.

When insulating the ceiling from the side of the room, you can use:

• Styrofoam;
• mineral wool in mats;
• polyurethane foam.

These materials are lightweight and are fixed without problems. Before you properly insulate the ceiling, you need to prepare.

Examine the advantages and disadvantages of each material and make right choice. A careful approach will allow you to perform insulation for many years.

domzastroika.ru

We warm the ceiling in a house with a cold roof

Insulation of the ceiling in the house with cold roof

Builders often charge a lot of money for work on roof insulation. This is motivated by the fact that these are labor-intensive works that are carried out on weight. To save money, mansard roof insulation wooden house you can do it yourself. Special qualifications are not needed here, special equipment is not required. And it doesn’t matter if your roof is made of ondulin, metal tile or slate, gable or broken structure. However, modern insulating materials and proven cold roof insulation technology have many nuances that you need to know.

It is not difficult to make the roof warm, and the premises of a private wooden house suitable for year-round use. The main thing is to create good conditions to keep the heat inside the attic. How to insulate the roof, what materials to use, we will consider in this article. Insulation issues can be addressed both during the construction of the house, and after, by reconstructing the upper floor.

Features of a cold roof

In accordance with the laws of physics and convection processes, warm air masses rise to the top. In the presence of cold roof of a wooden house, all the heat will go outside. Such heat losses make it necessary to additionally heat the premises in the house, spending electricity or fuel. So high-quality insulation ceiling slabs is the most important task for maintaining heat, rational use of heat carriers and creating a microclimate in the house.

Attic roof insulation

Cold refers to the construction of a gable or broken roof, which does not have a multilayer structure. In such inexpensive and simple roofs, there is no waterproofing, vapor barrier and thermal insulation.

cold roof insulation

The design scheme of a gable cold roof is very simple - as a rule, a floor of boards is laid on the beams of a wooden floor, and the roof is made of slate or metal tiles, without any insulators. In order to properly insulate a cold roof, you need to know what requirements apply to the design of the ceiling of the upper floor and attic floors. And also you should choose the right insulation material.

Scheme of gable roof rafters

Requirements for roofing

When starting to insulate a roof made of ondulin, slate or metal tiles, broken or hip, you should know what building codes and rules exist for the floors of a private wooden house. In order not to violate the basic parameters that the attic design must meet, the thermal insulation of the ceiling and the insulation of the mansard roof from the inside should be carried out taking into account the basic requirements. For attic floors and ceilings, this is strength and compliance with fire safety standards.

roofing cake

The strength of the attic floors must correspond to the nature of the under-roof space. If an attic is arranged in the attic, then the ceilings must withstand the weight of the floors, furniture and people in it. Floor beams must not sag, and the allowable load cannot exceed 100 kg per square meter.

Load on the gable roof truss system

The second basic requirement - fire safety is especially important for a wooden house. Everything structural elements must be treated with special flame retardants.

Gable roof truss system

Types of heat-insulating materials

In order to qualitatively insulate the structure wooden ceiling and the entire roof of metal tiles use a variety of heat insulators.

Types of heaters

Main types:

• polystyrene and foam plastic;
• mineral wool;
• ecowool;
• glass wool;
• foamed polyurethane;

Each of the listed heaters has its pros and cons. The choice of insulation for the ceiling and for metal tiles depends on various factors. Therefore, you should familiarize yourself with each type of heat insulator in more detail in order to understand the better it is to insulate the ceiling floors and the entire upper floor.

Insulation of a mansard roof made of metal tiles

Budget options for insulation

In addition to the listed thermal insulation materials, there are inexpensive, bulk insulation. Such materials also carry out the insulation of the mansard roof. Bulk heat insulators include:

• sawdust and shavings;
• expanded clay;
• slag;
• ecowool.

To prevent the crumb of insulation from waking up through the cracks of the wooden floor, you can lay a plastic film.

Ecowool insulation

But remember at the same time that there will be no vapor barrier, since polyethylene does not allow moisture to pass through, which can condense in the room of the upper floor. Backfill insulation requires calculations of the strength of the floors. It is necessary to make sure that the beams can withstand a considerable weight of bulk insulator, as well as slate or metal tiles.

Ceiling insulation from the outside with expanded clay

Another economical option ceiling insulation - laying corrugated cardboard. Sheets of material are fastened with self-tapping screws or building brackets to the attic floor. Joints and seams are sealed with polyurethane foam. Electrical wiring is retracted into corrugated channels, protecting wooden structures from fire.

Roof insulation with corrugated cardboard

General scheme of ceiling insulation

Roof and ceiling structures are the most vulnerable elements to heat loss in a home. They account for from 15 to 40 percent of the total heat transfer of the house, regardless of the roofing material - metal tiles or slate. In addition, to create a comfortable climate in the house, a vapor barrier must be made to protect the insulation from evaporation, as well as waterproofing of the ceiling and attic floor.

Scheme of vapor barrier, waterproofing and roof insulation

It is recommended to carry out the insulation of a wooden house in a complex way, arranging the thermal insulation of the roof from the inside and the ceiling at the same time. This will save insulating material, since two ten-centimeter layers of heat insulator with an air gap in the attic space replace a layer of the same insulation with a thickness of 25-30 cm. Thus, about forty percent of thermal insulation is saved. External insulation of the ceiling with simultaneous thermal insulation of the roof from the side of the attic will give a good effect and will avoid dampness of the lower rooms. Such thermal insulation can be carried out without dismantling the roof of metal tiles and the ceiling of the upper floor.

Reflective roof insulation

Features of ceiling insulation

They consist in the fact that when installing thermal insulation, there is no way to organize the removal of condensate, which is formed due to the temperature difference between the attic and lower rooms. In addition, depending on the season, there is a change of warm and cold sides. Therefore, when installing thermal insulation of a wooden ceiling, it is necessary to provide for the complete absence of condensate on the insulation.

Scheme of ceiling insulation in a wooden house

You can prevent the formation of condensate by laying a special vapor barrier - a film material that allows moisture to pass through in one direction.

It should be laid in such a way that there is a gap between the insulation material and the film.

It should be noted that when insulating the ceiling great importance has the correct application of the release film. Below we will consider their varieties.

Ceiling insulation

Membranes and release film materials

Modern technologies allow the use of more and more diverse different materials, allowing water, steam and other substances to pass or repel. Years of proven glassine, roofing material and tar, used on slate roofs or metal roofs, fade into the background and are rarely used. Technological membrane-type insulating films are much lighter, more convenient to use and, importantly, perform their function more purposefully and efficiently. In addition, they are reliable, strong and durable, and their thickness is much less. Important correct scheme their applications.

Super diffusion membrane for pitched roofs

Enlarged insulating materials can be divided into two groups.

1) Vapor barrier. For this purpose, so-called vapor barriers are used - thin-layer materials that do not allow evaporation to pass through. In turn, they can be:

• film;
• foil;
• foiled with a capillary substrate (folgoizol).

The vapor barrier protects the roof insulation

2) Waterproofing. It is carried out with materials that do not allow moisture and any liquids to pass through, called membranes. Are divided into:

• simple film with one layer;
• microperforated with steam penetration in both directions;
• superdiffusion, with vapor permeation in one direction.

Roof waterproofing

Vapor barrier is best arranged using polypropylene film materials, the thickness of which is from 55 microns. Polyethylene films are not suitable for evaporation protection, because they let air through regardless of their thickness, due to their structural features.

The PVC film is sensitive to temperature changes and changes in humidity, it can perform its role poorly over time, and even crack.

For a foil vapor barrier, polyethylene can be used as a base, since the foil prevents the penetration of vapors.

Fastening the foil vapor barrier

Waterproofing can be done with a simple polyethylene film.

But polyethylene is suitable only in heated houses with slate or metal roofing.

When insulating the ceiling of a cold roof, a film with microperforation and a three-layer reinforced coating is needed. The reinforcing layer will not allow the film to sag and will provide a ventilation gap.

cold roof ceiling insulation

Thus, having studied the properties of insulating materials and the features of their use, we can conclude that the waterproofing and thermal insulation of a cold house ceiling on your own- quite feasible task.

Proper insulation of the attic and attic ceiling

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How to insulate the ceiling and attic floor

• The better to insulate the ceiling
• Insulation of concrete floors
• Conclusion

In a heated private house a large number of heat will escape through the roof if measures are not taken and the ceiling of the upper floor is not properly insulated. The physics of the process is known: heated and more light air is forced out into the upper zone of the room, bordering the cold attic, where it gives off heat to the uninsulated floor. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to arrange a barrier in the form of a layer of thermal insulation on the path of the heat flow. V this material we will just talk about how to properly insulate the ceiling or attic floor with your own hands and the better to isolate this horizontal structure.

The better to insulate the ceiling

When choosing insulation for a ceiling located under a cold roof, regulatory fire requirements should be taken into account. The fact is that for all types of floors these requirements are quite stringent, which makes it impossible to use combustible materials for thermal insulation. In short and in simple words, the insulation layer should not reduce the standard fire resistance of the structure. That is, combustible materials cannot be used to insulate ceilings under a cold attic, hemmed to wooden beams, as well as interfloor wooden floors and the same ceilings above the basement.

For reference. Wooden floor beams and others bearing structures according to the requirements of regulatory documents, they must be impregnated with a special fire-fighting compound, and the gaps between them must be filled with non-combustible materials.

Accordingly, the answer to the frequently asked question, is it possible to insulate the ceiling with foam from the inside along wooden beams, is quite clear - it is impossible. This also applies to the use of extruded polystyrene foam and foam. It turns out that the list of heaters suitable for thermal insulation wooden structures, is rather limited:

• non-combustible basalt (stone) wool, sold in slabs and rolls;
• bulk fire-resistant heaters - expanded clay, perlite;
• traditional folk material - sawdust mixed with clay.

Note. Not bad resists open fire and a coating of polyurethane foam applied by spraying. But the resistance time is limited, with prolonged exposure, the insulation changes its structure and collapses.

Mineral wool, made on the basis of fiberglass, is not suitable, as it can withstand temperatures not exceeding 200 ° C. The same applies to the actively advertised ecowool. Although it does not burn, ecowool cannot serve as both a ceiling insulation and a fire barrier. Judging by the degree of popularity among homeowners, the best option for insulation in this case is basalt mineral wool. Other listed materials in comparison with it have too high thermal conductivity.

Of course, you can violate fire safety requirements and insulate your private house with anything, no sanctions are provided for this. But it should be remembered that as a result of such actions, the danger of a rapid collapse of floors in case of fire increases, which leads to very negative consequences.

Another thing is the insulation of concrete floors, which themselves have a high degree of fire resistance. Here it is possible to use any polymeric heaters - polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam and foam plastic. At the same time, it is strongly recommended to insulate the ceiling not from the inside, but from the outside, such a solution will be the most correct in all respects.

Wood floor insulation

As a rule, the ceiling under a cold roof is insulated from the side of the attic. To do this, the first step is to hem the ceilings from below, so that mineral wool or expanded clay can be safely laid between the beams. The filing will serve as a support for it, which means it must be designed for the appropriate load. This is especially true of expanded clay or clay with sawdust, whose weight is quite significant.

Second milestone- laying a layer of vapor barrier. It is well known that mineral wool absorbs moisture well, so do-it-yourself attic floor insulation should include a protective film layer and an air gap for ventilation. Due to this, water vapor from the living quarters will not get inside the insulation, and those that condense on the vapor barrier will disappear through the air gap. The general scheme of laying the heat-insulating layer on the ceiling under the roof is shown in the figure:

Film sheets should be laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm, after which the joint is carefully glued with construction tape. The organization of the air opening is carried out by arranging an internal crate made of bars up to 50 mm wide, to which the finishing coating of the ceilings is nailed. From the side of the roof, the insulation is covered diffusion membrane, which protects from wind and water drops, but allows steam to pass through.

Advice. Vapor barrier can be equipped using thin foil insulation - isolon or penofol. Then the canvases are laid end-to-end, and the seams are sealed with a special aluminum tape.

Moisture that is formed in the thickness of the material due to the occurrence of the dew point will be removed by ventilation from the attic, so that the thermal insulation will work correctly and for a long time. It should be noted that often the height of the beams is not enough to lay a heater of the calculated thickness between them. That is why the diagram below with suspended ceilings shows the laying of mineral wool in 2 layers: one between the beams, the other on top of them. Expanded clay is simply poured into the openings on top of the vapor barrier.

Note. In the same way, the attic ceiling is insulated, that is, its horizontal part. The composition of the heat-insulating "pie" is the same as for the ceiling, the thickness of the insulation is the same as on the walls of the attic.

Installation of ceiling insulation can also be done in the reverse order - from below, from the side of the room. There is not much difference, only the work is not so convenient to perform, and even the vapor barrier must be done with a release on the walls of 15-20 cm, otherwise moisture can penetrate along the edges of the “pie”. This is especially true in wet areas such as bathrooms. More on this topic is described in the video:

As for the insulation of interfloor wooden floors, it often does not make sense to perform it. It appears only if you plan to isolate the second floor from the first and heat them separately in order to save money.

In such a situation, the insulation between floors will have to be protected from vapors on both sides, as shown in the diagram:

Insulation of concrete floors

It is best to insulate the concrete ceiling of the upper floor from the outside, but it is convenient to do this during the construction process. After all, it is necessary to lay on top of the insulation roofing protecting the house from rain. The sequence of work is as follows:

• cleaning and leveling concrete surface;
• organization of inclined surfaces for water drainage using a monolithic screed;
• laying waterproofing with a release at the edges;
• laying insulation in 1 or 2 layers;
• installation of a cement-sand screed up to 5 cm thick;
• spreading and sealing roofing.

"Pie" proper insulation concrete ceiling outside is shown in the diagram:

If the roofing is already available, then it is not advisable to open it to organize thermal insulation; instead, you can insulate the ceiling from the inside. The easiest way for this purpose is to take expanded polystyrene or penoplex, which do not have to be protected from moisture. Material slabs are attached to the concrete surface in 2 ways:

• first, wooden logs are installed, a heater is inserted between them, and the gaps are sealed with foam;
• foam boards are attached directly to the ceiling by means of dowels in the form of umbrellas.

Advice. When installing a log or fastening polystyrene foam, be careful when drilling holes so that the dowel does not fall into the void.

When there are lags, it is convenient to mount any topcoat. At the same time, the installation of insulation on dowels is practiced when installing stretch ceilings. When mineral wool is used as an insulator, the organization of vapor barrier and air gap is required, so here you can’t do without a lag and a counter-lattice.

The concrete ceiling above the unheated basement also needs to be insulated, since in this situation a lot of heat will escape through the floors of the first floor. There are 2 options here: insulate the basement ceiling or the floors on the ground floor.

The choice often falls on the second option, since it is more convenient to isolate the floors of the first floor. There are also two ways of thermal insulation: on the logs and under the screed, both of them are reflected in the diagrams:

Conclusion

The issue of insulation of ceilings and attic floors is not easy and requires a thorough approach. Special attention should pay attention to the installation of hydro and vapor barrier, since the service life of the insulation depends on the tightness of these layers. Also, do not save on its thickness, otherwise you will spend a lot of time and effort, and the result will remain far from expected.

Typically, the ceiling and roof consume up to forty percent of the total heat exchange at home. Ceiling insulation is a topical issue for many families. For such work, certain knowledge and skills of the builder are needed. As with any construction process, it has its own peculiarities and difficulties. At present, thanks to modern technologies, any novice builder and a simple layman will be able to do such work.

Peculiarities

The so-called cold roof is built according to slightly different principles. During its construction, the usual types of layering of materials are not used. A similar view exists in those houses where the room under the roof is not residential and is not heated in winter.

Due to this structure of the roof, it has a light weight and minimum costs during construction. The installation itself is much easier to perform than when building a roof with a warm structure. Previously, it was considered ideal and inexpensive option during the construction of a simple country house.

It is important to know that due to the lack of heating in the upper room, the air there acts as a buffer, which helps to avoid excessive heat loss.

Due to the increase in heating tariffs, many people began to think about the insulation of ceilings. A large amount of heat evaporates from the house due to the presence of cracks in the ceiling. This is due to poor quality construction and poor building materials.

Insulation of the ceiling and the presence of a cold roof are a topical problem for residents of the upper floors. This is especially true of the old housing stock. This problem is also relevant for owners who live in a private house. The attic is a neutral territory, and the management company may not allow you to put a layer of insulation there. Therefore, there remains the option of insulating the ceiling in your own apartment.

A feature of this solution is that a few useful centimeters from the height of the ceiling will be lost. But due to the possibilities of drywall and various lighting fixtures you can get updated trendy interior. To keep warm and not pay too much for heating, you should think about insulating the ceiling.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling in a private house has its own characteristics. It is customary to start work from the second or extreme floor. It can be an attic, top floor or attic space. Laying a special material with thermal insulation properties occurs on top of the ceiling or in empty slots and helps to keep heat in the room.

You don't have to think about additional finishing ceiling. The master will not need to mount the insulation on the ceiling itself. Due to the placement of insulation in the ceiling, condensation will not form.

You need to know that you can not insulate the roof slope. This will help melt the snow and form icicles. In addition, an insulated attic building standards is already an attic. It is also important to be aware of such a feature that the next layer directed from the room should be more vapor permeable than the previous one.

Another feature is that it is impossible to drain condensate. This rule also applies to sloped ceilings. There are drainable walls. This is a very expensive and difficult pleasure for the owners of a private house. The cool and hot sides of the ceiling in an apartment building can be reversed. It depends on the time of year.

It is worth knowing that modern ceiling insulation technology is focused on the absence of condensation in the material itself.

And if it is nevertheless formed, then it should have the opportunity to go outside.

Another feature is the process of laying on a cold floor. When using loose material, be sure to leave gaps. Another gap remains between the insulator and the insulation layer. This technique is a safety net in case of condensation.

In a private house or cottage, it is possible to insulate the ceiling of the next floor with the help of special material, which is placed on top of the ceiling or in the existing voids. Features of the overlap depend on its type. It can be made of wood or concrete.

To put the insulation on the beams, which are a wooden floor, it is worth using light and backfill materials. Good materials and in the form of a roll. In order to insulate concrete, it is worth using not very loose mats and dense materials.

If the issue of insulation was not resolved at the construction stage or it is top floor residential building, it is quite justified to start warming as needed.

If we are talking about insulating the roof of a private lady made of wood, then in this case there are a number of advantages. Insulation will create additional sound insulation. This is especially true in moments of heavy rain and wind outside. In the heat, the insulation will delay the entry of hot air from the street. Due to this, a pleasant climate will remain in the room.

In winter, an insulated roof will help to significantly save electricity and will prevent heat from escaping from the room to the street.

It is possible to insulate the ceiling in a private wooden house on your own. It is important to be well prepared for this. It is necessary to know the properties of different materials, their pros and cons, to own a specific technology for ceiling insulation, to study the video instruction.

It has become fashionable to insulate attics and turn them into attics. A feature of such a room is the ventilation area criteria, which are located between the room and outdoor structure. The size of such ventilation usually ranges from fifteen to twenty centimeters. But the usual roof has an attic with dormer windows. Therefore, to create a warm climate there, it is important to take care of sufficient air circulation.

When heating, good ventilation reduces the degree of heating of the roof and prevents the formation of ice blocks on the roof.

For residents of multi-storey buildings or private ones, in the absence of the possibility of insulating the roof from the top floor, another option can be considered. It's about insulation from below. This type of work is possible if the reconstruction of premises with a good ceiling in the attic is being done, when there is no way to get into the attic. This is especially true for residents apartment buildings and uncooperative managers. In this case, the structure will be mounted on the basis of a frame made of wooden slats or metal elements. Insulation can be in the form of plates.

With this type of insulation, there is a big minus. As mentioned earlier, due to this technique, the height of the room and precious centimeters are lost.

In addition, such work requires more experience and time to complete them.

It must be remembered that good and durable insulation will be obtained with an integrated approach. In addition, in a room with a cold roof, it is additionally necessary to insulate door, window openings and, without fail, the floor. Using a thermal imager, you can easily calculate the areas through which the greatest amount of heat escapes. They are usually red and yellow.

materials

Currently available in hardware stores big choice heaters. In order to choose the right options, you should carefully study the presented samples and their main characteristics. They must meet all the necessary requirements.

There are several nuances on the basis of which it is worth choosing materials. It is important to know that products with low thermal conductivity are best suited for this. The material must be moisture resistant. This important criterion when choosing a heater for the outside and with a rather worn roof.

Insulation and other materials must last quite a long time, so they must be durable. Do not forget about environmental safety. For work, you need to choose non-flammable or low-flammable products.

For a private house, the best insulation is expanded clay.

Often they use shavings or sawdust, they often use stone or mineral wool, ecowool, foam plastic, foam plastic, aerated concrete. Polyurethane foam is a sprayed type of material.

To insulate the roof in a wooden house, it is worth using certain types of insulation. You need to choose the material strictly in accordance with the type of overlap. It comes in two types - concrete or wood. For concrete, it is worth using heavier heaters. They come in the form of a mat or slab. As a rule, they are of the loose type.

Often builders also use heaters natural origin. These include sawdust, hay, pine needles, last year's leaves, algae or reeds. However, it is worth remembering that all natural materials, except for sawdust, are subject to severe decay.

It is important to approach the issue of material selection very responsibly.

Which to choose?

Insulation in the form of chips or sawdust is considered the oldest material. In areas where woodworking production is highly developed, this material is very cheap. It is great for creating a layer of insulation on top of a hardwood floor. A significant disadvantage of this type of insulation is its high flammability.

There are three types of mineral wool in the construction industry: stone, slag and glass. Stone wool is obtained from rocks with the addition of clay, limestone and formaldehyde.

A significant disadvantage of this material is that it contains harmful substances in its composition. When heated, they turn into phenols and enter the air. Balzat wool is considered safer, it contains much less harmful substances.

Slag wool is obtained as a result of the use of blast furnace slag and other waste from the metallurgical industry. Due to the average thermal conductivity and the ability to absorb a large amount of moisture, it is not suitable for warming a cold ceiling.

Glass wool is the most suitable material, besides it has an extremely low cost.

A clear disadvantage is that if particles of the material get on the skin or mucous membranes of a person, it can be harmful to health. In this case, experts advise using gloves and special protective equipment when working with this type of insulation.

A clear advantage of wool as a home insulation is the ease of its transportation and installation. This is possible due to the low weight. Cotton wool has low flammability and high temperatures can only bake. For hosts country houses and cottages, it is important to know that glass wool is not the most favorite material for insects, various rodents and mold to live.

Polyethylene foam is a foamed PVC, on which a layer of foil is applied. The manufacturer produces this insulation in rolls up to one meter wide. You can also insulate the ceiling with foam. But it is important to know what will be required in this case. additional installation suspended structures. It is also good to use expanded polystyrene in a private house. It fits snugly and, due to its good density, is often used in the attic, as a basis for further puttying.

Expanded clay is also very popular. It is better if it is made of light alloy clay. Due to this, the material is light and rather porous structure. Production modern heaters allows you to choose foam products. Many builders consider isover as a heater. This material is similar in many respects to mineral wool. But it is more resilient and resistant to stress.

Another worthy option is penofol. His distinctive feature is the property of reflecting heat radiation. This material is well suited as a heater inside and outside the house. With this tool it is quite possible to insulate the entire country house and not just the ceiling.

Do not forget about polyurethane foam. It is a comfortable and good quality material, meets all necessary characteristics as a heater. Represents mounting foam, which you only need to spray to get the desired result. It not only insulates, but also contributes to the sound insulation of the room.

For tenants apartment building it is best to obtain permission from the management company and insulate the floor of the attic.

An excellent option in this case would be the use of expanded clay. This material is fire resistant and perfectly protects against moisture.

Inside the apartment, vapor-permeable heaters are often used. In the course of the repair work the master uses special materials that fill the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe ceiling. After that, you can start finishing work using drywall.

Application area

As noted earlier, materials can be used both indoors and above the ceiling. Sawdust and clay are perfect for eliminating defects in wood floors. The floor is worked out with clay, then sprinkled with a thin layer of sand and sawdust is scattered on top.

In order to prevent mice from getting into sawdust, it is worth using carbide mixed with slaked lime. In an old house made of timber, the height of such insulation can reach thirty centimeters. When using the attic for household purposes, it is enough to put wooden boards on top of such a heater.

Experienced craftsmen use a special film with waterproofing.

It passes particles of steam from the living quarters. For a residential building, you can use a mixture of clay with sawdust. Great option in a log or frame house.

In any case, people will walk on the concrete floor of an apartment building. This will happen in the process of repair work or preventive maintenance. In this case, you should choose a dense foam or mineral wool. It is necessary to put plywood or a board on the insulation.

You can use these two types of insulation and a less dense layer. Due to this, the material will come out much cheaper. In this case, on the stove you need to make a crate of wood. It is better if it is on stands, because the mounted height can reach twenty centimeters or more. A heater is laid under such a crate and a gap is made for ventilation.

For warming reinforced concrete floor v brick house foam can be used. In this case, we are not talking about the release of toxic substances during combustion. Residential apartments are separated from it by a special ceiling that does not burn.

In the presence of a wooden floor, the use of foam is undesirable.

This also applies to the rules fire safety. The most common type of floors between floors is wood. In this case, your choice should be stopped on ecowool. This type of material is placed in a bulk, it can fill any space.

Ecowool tiles are laid in several layers. It is important that the seams of the layers are covered. After insulation, the attic is already turning into an attic, but this applies to private houses and cottages.

Recently, the issue of insulation in the basement has become relevant.

V modern houses such a room can be equipped in a real living room. It can be an office, a gym or a workshop. In any case, this room can only be used if there is a comfortable temperature for a person in it. Warming basement is the right step towards saving energy and heat throughout the house. Even if the basement is unsuitable for equipping usable space in it, it still needs to be insulated.

This can be done internally, externally or in a combination of ways. The choice of heaters is quite wide. The main thing is to choose suitable option for specific purposes.

Work technology

It is very important that the roof of the house is warm. It is not cheap, but in the future it saves the budget. After all, energy costs are significantly reduced.

When working on the insulation of the ceiling with expanded clay, the weight of the material itself is of great importance. Due to the weight of expanded clay, it cannot be used in the presence of wood floors. Due to the severity of the material, the flooring can completely fail. Expanded clay should be used in the presence of concrete floors. The scheme of insulation of the ceiling and roof may vary slightly.

Preparation of the attic begins with clearing the entire area from trash and debris.

If there is an old insulation, then it is also best to remove it. It can create an extra load on the floors.

The next step should be to careful isolation. This is necessary so that in the spring it is not necessary to remove the consequences of flooding. For this, a special membrane is used. It is placed between the logs so that about four centimeters are wound around the sides of the log.

The insulator must be pressed very tightly against the joists. Usually it is fixed with a stapler or glue.

The wooden floor must have an oxygen tolerance on at least two sides.

After that, the laying of the first layer of insulation begins. It is placed to the level of the lag. Then the insulation is covered with a membrane that has a low oxygen throughput. Then the wood flooring is laid. Leave special gaps for ventilation.

It is necessary to correctly select the thickness of the insulation.

In this case, it is worth considering the layer of waterproofing. Often builders use material with a thickness of about fifty millimeters.

When carrying out insulation with polyurethane foam, you will need to call the master. The spraying process takes place under high pressure. Due to this, all the gaps are filled. The thickness of the layer is from ten to twelve centimeters.

Mineral wool as a heater has a different thickness. The indicators depend on the amount of work. The layer of cotton wool used as a heater can be from two to twenty centimeters.

Polyethylene foam is polyethylene foam.

The thickness of such material is from one millimeter to two centimeters. Styrofoam is laid in slabs. The thickness of one plate varies from two to ten centimeters. This is due to the fact that the material must overlap each other.

When insulating the attic, various materials are used for insulation. But the average figure ranges from fifteen to twenty centimeters. The layer of clay and straw is about ten centimeters. In order for everything to be even, it is worth using a special ruler or stick.

Thermal insulation options

There are only two options for insulating a cold ceiling and roof - either the ceiling is insulated inside the room, or the outside is insulated. Both of these options will perfectly help to save heat and electricity in the house. Each of these options has its own set of necessary materials and installation technology.

Materials for thermal insulation are divided into two classes - these are vapor-permeable and vapor-tight. These indications indicate the ability to absorb moisture. It is for them that they choose one or another type of material for performing work on the insulation of the ceiling or roof. For work on external insulation use vapor barrier material, and for internal works- vapor permeable.

Most often used internally mineral heaters. Work can be done using rolled glass wool. Complete with a plasterboard ceiling, you get an excellent buffer for hot air. The insulation process is carried out at the time of installation false ceiling.

It will be correct if, first, a frame is made of profiles, in which the insulation will then be placed.

If the work is carried out with your own hands and on your own, do not forget about safety.

Glass wool is a rather dangerous material. Ways to attach glass wool to the ceiling are quite simple. The material is glued to the tile adhesive. It is important that the glue dries as quickly as possible. After all the insulation has dried, it is sewn up with drywall.

It is worth remembering that cotton wool cannot be rammed and pressed.

Due to such features, it is mounted on glue, and not on self-tapping screws. The entire thermal effect of mineral wool lies in the abundant number of layers that are placed inside the wool.

In the process of work, it is worth paying attention to the installation of lighting equipment. Spotlights tend to heat up quickly and when interacting with mineral wool, they instantly fail. This is due to the accumulation of heat and the lack of any ventilation.

In this case, it is better to use chandeliers or sconces as lighting fixtures.

If the issue of spotlights is fundamental, then there is a way out of this situation. A layer of thermal insulation is not placed around the planned luminaire.

Another option is a large ceiling space. This is necessary so that there is an air cushion between the material and the drywall, into which the light bulbs are then mounted.

The option of external insulation will be the least expensive. In this case, it is worth carefully studying the condition of the floors. If they are old, they may simply not withstand the screed and collapse. If the attic is not planned to be used, then the option of external insulation will be ideal.

It is important to follow all the rules and technology of work. Otherwise, the ceiling and corners in winter time will freeze.

When working on your own, it is important to remember the features and properties of each building material.

Outside, attic insulation is considered the most economical. It will not be necessary to engage in the installation of a false ceiling to hide the insulation. A significant advantage of this method of insulation is the ability to subsequently make an attic in this room. This is suitable for aerated concrete or wooden house.

Many builders claim that insulation from the outside is in many ways reminiscent of floor insulation, but with a slightly different technique. After cleaning the attic space, it is carefully measured around the perimeter.

After the foam sheets are laid, all joints must be passed with mounting foam.

If the owners of the house do not plan to use the attic for living quarters, then the insulation work can be stopped at this point. In the event that a small warehouse or room is placed in the attic in the future, additional work. The insulation is covered with a layer waterproofing material, reinforced, and then poured with a screed.

It is possible to use mineral wool. After laying it is recommended to close it with a special film. True, when such thermal insulation is made, then in the future only wooden floors can be laid on it.

Ceiling insulation is a very important process. Through this space in the house, up to a quarter of all heat is lost. The process itself can be carried out by dry and wet methods. The second option involves the presence of a wet mass, which adheres to the surface and forms a layer of sound insulation.

The attic room is protected from the street only by a roof. Therefore, such a room needs a thorough insulation.

It is advisable to check the moisture content of the material in summer and winter in several places. If an increase in humidity is not noted inside the insulation, then you should not worry about the quality of work.

by the most in a simple way checks will be an inspection of the roof in the winter.

If the snow blockages in the center of the roof or along the perimeter have melted a little, large icicles also hang down, then the heat loss is obvious.

Everything that was supposed to stay inside the house goes outside.

If the appearance of moisture is noted, then it is necessary to increase the air flow in the gap for ventilation. This is done by connecting to a common air exchange system and bringing it to the roof. The second way is to blow the room with outside air. In such a situation, the presence of drafts in the attic is a very useful thing.

From the above, it follows that the process of insulating the ceiling is quite simple. This is within the power of both a novice master and an amateur builder. The main thing is to properly lay the insulator, bring lumber, make a counter-groove, put insulation and close it all with a board. But still, some materials are best applied using special tools. To do this, you still have to turn to professionals.

When laying glass wool, you should contact a professional master.

The mass of material poured by hand retains heat much worse. Such savings on the work of specialists in the future will cost the owner of the premises much more.

In the case when the distance between different elements of the floor is greater, it is recommended to use roll-type mineral wool. Depending on the manufacturer, it is usually one meter wide.

It is important to know that the insulation of the attic is a smart decision. This will help reduce the heating of the room in the summer and will keep warm in the winter.

lovers natural materials must be aware of a few things. In the absence of sawdust, you can use straw. In this situation, water is added to the clay until a wet mass is formed. Then wet straw is added to the composition and everything is thoroughly mixed with hands or feet.

In the process of using sawdust, the composition must be left to dry for at least two weeks. At this time, the room should be well ventilated.

It is important to remember about fire safety. The material for insulation must comply with the standards. Its technical characteristics should include holding the fire for a quarter of an hour in a private and an hour and a half in an apartment building.

It will not be warm in a private house even with triple-glazed windows and thick walls if the heated air escapes through the attic floors. You can eliminate heat loss by installing ceiling insulation for a cold attic.

Properties of materials that retain heat

To choose a suitable insulation for the ceiling inside the house, you need to take into account the material from which the building is made, and pay attention to the following parameters:

• fire safety. Ceiling insulation must be non-flammable;
• elasticity. Due to this property, the shape is not lost during operation;
• environmental friendliness and safety during operation. The components that make up the insulation for the ceiling of the house must be absolutely harmless;
• duration of service life;
• vapor permeability. The laid thermal insulation layers should not create obstacles to the natural movement of air.

Compositions used for preservation internal heat, must have increased strength due to the effects of constant temperature changes.

Choice Basics

Before you make a choice and understand which insulation is best for the ceiling, you need to designate the installation location.

The layer of material laid from the inside should not be too wide, otherwise the ceiling height will noticeably decrease. The ceiling insulation of a wooden house should not weigh down the attic floors. And if there is no vapor barrier level, then mold fungus will grow on the floors over time.

Almost any ceiling insulation in a private house is suitable for concrete floors. This is explained by the fact that concrete is considered a universal coating, and is combined with any insulation that has low thermal conductivity.

Insulation thickness

What thickness of the insulation should be on the ceiling depends on the composition chosen, and on what effect the owner of the house wants to achieve by insulating a cold roof.

So, insulation for the ceiling in a wooden house must meet certain requirements. Special compositions for the construction of wooden attic floors are selected to a certain weight, and stacked in layers of a certain thickness.

Consider what layer of insulation is needed on the ceiling, using mineral wool as an example. When choosing, the climate zone and the material from which the house is built are taken into account.

If the heat-insulating layer is laid out in mats, then its thickness will be less compared to heat-insulating plates.

In the harsh climate of the northern regions, the thickness of the layer of mineral wool pressed into mats will be 206 mm. For climatic conditions 165 mm of heat-insulating layer is enough for the middle strip.

If you insulate the ceiling with foam, then you will need sheets from 4 to 5 cm in thickness.

A layer of heat insulating layer, such as expanded clay, is typically 12 to 16 cm thick.

Varieties of heat insulators

Among the most common types of ceiling insulation:

• mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• sawdust;
• expanded clay;
• foil material;
• ecowool;
• expanded polystyrene and others.

Let's discuss some types of heat-insulating compositions in more detail.

Bulk

Bulk insulation for the ceiling remarkably closes all existing gaps and cracks in the ceilings of a cold attic. Bulk varieties include:

• polystyrene chips;
• expanded clay. We will talk about this variety separately;
• granulated foam glass;
• ecowool;
• perlite;
• vermiculite;
• loose penoizol.

Among the listed heat-insulating compositions, foam polystyrene chips and penoizol are usually preferred. These are durable, non-combustible compositions that retain heat well in residential premises.

Roll insulation

Among the roll insulation for the ceiling, mineral wool and ecowool are popular.

Ecowool is laid using water or dry. If water is added, the attic must be perfectly ventilated to avoid rotting and mold. In the wet version, the thermal insulation is laid using special equipment under pressure.

One of the advantages of ecowool is its environmental friendliness, and the possibility of laying without a waterproofing layer. Usually a layer of ecowool is laid from 20 to 40 cm thick.

Mineral wool, as thermal insulation, is one of the best options. Mineral wool is not combustible, resistant to various microorganisms, with low sound transmission and thermal conductivity. When laying mineral wool, a polyethylene film is necessarily laid.

When choosing which insulation is better to insulate the ceiling of a cold attic, basalt wool is usually preferred. The basalt variety of mineral wool has increased strength, which means a long service life, and does not cake during operation.

Sawdust

Sawdust is widely used as a ceiling insulation for a cold attic. This a budget option thermal insulation, suitable for wooden and concrete floors of a cold attic.

When laying sawdust, it is necessary to take care of the waterproofing layer. First, all floors are carefully smeared with clay. A layer of sawdust mixed with cement and water is poured on top. The thickness of the heat-insulating layer is 20 cm.
If dry sawdust is used, then slag is used as waterproofing, which is poured over the sawdust.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay, as a ceiling insulation, is used more often than other bulk heat-insulating compounds. Expanded clay has such advantages as:

1. fireproof;
2. resistant to temperature changes;
3. has a long service life;
4. low cost;
5. has excellent thermal and sound insulation properties.

Before laying expanded clay, a polyethylene film is first laid. Expanded clay granules absorb water well, therefore, to protect against moisture, a cement screed is mounted on top of the heat-insulating layer. Such structures are usually performed on concrete floors.

Non-combustible insulation

When choosing a thermal insulation option for a cold attic ceiling, fire safety is important. Among the non-combustible insulation for walls and ceilings, the following materials are leading:

• mineral wool;
• expanded clay;
• foam glass;
• perlite.

When choosing which non-combustible insulation for the ceiling of a wooden house is better, you need to build on the following characteristics:

• even if the material ignites, the phenomenon will not last more than 10 seconds. This means that ignition is possible, but combustion is excluded;
• during a fire, the temperature of the heat-insulating composition will not exceed 50 degrees;
• even with a possible fire, the loss of moisture from the total weight of the heat-insulating layer will not exceed 50%.

In addition to the non-combustible compounds listed above, they produce liquid varieties of non-combustible heat insulators for a cold attic, consisting of synthetic components. The most common among liquid varieties is polyurethane in liquid form. Such material is sealed and reliable, and absolutely safe to use.

Loose insulation

When choosing bulk insulation for the ceiling, you can focus on such types as:

• expanded clay;
• vermiculite;
• basalt wool.

The listed heat-insulating compositions have the following advantages:

1. affordable price;
2. resistance to various microorganisms;
3. good thermal insulation properties;
4. fireproof.

Among the shortcomings can be called different degrees of environmental safety. So, expanded clay at too high temperatures can release toxic substances. As for basalt wool, the material has an absolutely safe composition.

Loose heat-insulating compositions require the preparation of a place for laying. It is necessary to mount a stable formwork.

Foil insulation

You can perform insulation of the ceiling with foil insulation, among the advantages of which are the following indicators:

1. more than 95% of heat is reflected;
2. has a remarkable waterproofing property, retaining moisture;
3. does not dry out from high temperatures;
4. does not freeze in cold weather;
5. used as an additional soundproofing layer;
6. environmentally friendly and safe to use;
7. long service life;
8. prevents moisture from accumulating on the attic ceiling.

A good foil insulation for the ceiling inside is foam foam, produced by foaming. Other foil materials include:

• foam type polyethylene;
• folgoizolone;
• basalt wool metallized with foil;
• foil foam.

A variety of heat insulators with foil for interior spaces retains heat, preventing it from escaping to the outside.

Spray applied insulation

Polynor ceiling heaters are considered seamless materials applied by spraying. For laying the heat-insulating composition is used mounting gun on which a special plastic nozzle is put on.

When applying the composition is easy to adjust required thickness heat insulating layer. The composition can be used as a heat-insulating layer for buildings made of any material, both for internal and external works.

The application of the layer does not require the installation of a frame and the presence of additional devices. It serves for a long time, and is safe in the process of application and further use.

TechnoNIKOL

TechnoNIKOL ceiling insulation is considered a type of stone wool. The heat-insulating material is produced on the basis of basalt components and has a fibrous structure.

Bath heater

When choosing which insulation is best for the ceiling of the bath, you should consider such points as:

• combustibility;
• environmental friendliness. When heated, the heater for the ceiling of the bath should not emit toxic substances;
• resistance to moisture and temperature extremes.

Materials that meet the listed characteristics include sawdust with clay, mineral wool, fiberglass wool.
It is better to choose a heater on the ceiling for a bath made of foil materials. This is a basalt fiber that allows steam to pass through and does not allow moisture to pass through.

Basalt wool will not rot during operation, is resistant to microorganisms, and does not deform. Which insulation for the bath ceiling to choose depends on what effect is expected from the heat-insulating layer. So, foil materials are able to create the effect of a thermos in the bath. And if you combine foil insulation with foamed polyethylene, you can get maximum heat savings.

The arrangement of a cold roof is most often done for summer cottages, small residential buildings with seasonal residence. This scheme does not provide for the presence of heating, which imposes special requirements on thermal insulation. Therefore, it is important to choose optimal insulation for the ceiling of a cold attic. Which one is better depends on the parameters of the building and the requirements for its characteristics.

In most cases, the installation of thermal insulation material is carried out on the floor of the attic. Insulation of the ceiling from the side of the room is impractical. So the volume of living space is artificially reduced, the degree of influence of low temperatures on the interfloor overlap increases.

Basic rules for warming a cold attic:

• In the lower part roofing cake a waterproof film is installed. Due to the temperature difference, condensation will form, which can get on the heat insulator.
• Installation of a vapor barrier for the timely removal of moisture from interfloor overlap and a heater.
• If the heat-insulating material does not have the proper indicator of mechanical strength, a flooring is arranged on top of it.
• Be sure to have an air gap between the subfloor of the attic, the insulation and the top flooring.

To solve the problem of thermal insulation of a cold attic, various materials of natural and artificial origin are used. It is worth immediately abandoning the creation of layers from a mixture of straw and clay, since it has a large mass and worse indicators of heat transfer resistance.

Overview of materials and their characteristics

When choosing a heat insulator, one should take into account the influence of external factors - humidity, temperature differences and mechanical stress. Important is the complexity of installation and the cost of the material. But the determining parameters will be heat-insulating properties.

Additionally, the following rules must be observed:

• provide ventilation in the attic;
• the possibility of maintenance - inspection, repair work or replacement of a part of the heat insulator;
• minimize the likelihood of exposure to rodents, the formation of mold and mildew.

When insulating the ceiling of a room from the side of a cold attic, it is impossible to use bulk materials. Based on these conditions, the optimal material is selected.

Basalt wool

The optimal heat insulator of natural origin, manufactured by heat treatment of basalt rocks. The final appearance is a dense mass of many hollow threads interconnected special composition. has good thermal insulation properties helps to reduce the noise level.

Properties and characteristics:

• heat transfer coefficient - from 0.38 W / m * C;
• after compression, it quickly restores its original shape;
• possesses hygroscopicity, passes a small amount of moisture;
• mold or fungus does not form in its structure;
• due to the low rigidity, it is necessary to install an additional protective layer of hard materials.
• When installed on the ceiling of a room, plastering is sufficient.
• Sold in the form of plates and rolls.

The average cost depends on the density of the basalt wool and the manufacturer. It is 80 rubles / m².

Extruded polystyrene foam

To produce a polymer material, the temperature of the mixture is raised, then the foaming process begins with the help of freon and carbon dioxide. The resulting composition is placed in an extruder, resulting in the formation of plates. They have increased strength, do not pass moisture.

Features of extruded polystyrene foam:

• heat transfer coefficient - from 0.028 W / m * C;
• can perform the function of protection against moisture, but for this you need to ensure good ventilation in the attic;
• mounting options - fastening to the adhesive composition or dowel-umbrellas;
• can be installed from the side of the room or on the floor of a cold attic.

The advantages of extruded polystyrene foam include ease of processing, affordable cost and mechanical strength. However, the material supports open combustion. The average cost is 80 rubles per 1 m².

Styrofoam

With a minimum budget for ceiling insulation for a cold attic, it is better to use foam. It also refers to polymeric materials, obtained by heat treatment of granules that stick together into a single mass. The main disadvantage is the low strength and coloring of the edges during processing.

Performance characteristics of foam:

• thermal conductivity - 0.03 W / m * C;
• good soundproofing properties;
• fungi or mold do not appear on its surface in the structure;
• resistant to water, some types of acids and alkalis.

The price of 1 m² starts from 40 rubles.

Bulk materials

As an alternative to sheet or roll insulation, bulk materials can be considered. They are laid on the floor of the attic and form a heat-insulating layer. The disadvantage of this technology is the complexity of the work, a relatively large thickness is required to achieve the desired result.

The main types of bulk insulation:

• . It is made from clay of special grades of clay. After heat treatment, hollow granules are formed. The material does not absorb moisture, but does not prevent its further penetration into the structure of the interfloor overlap.
• . Pre-treated with flame retardants and anti-mold. Apply in an even layer. Susceptible to moisture.
• Ecowool. Can be applied dry or with the addition of water. In the latter case, the material is applied under pressure, it takes time for the formed layer to dry. To do this, the attic should be well ventilated.

But the best option for choosing a ceiling insulation for a cold attic is basalt wool or expanded polystyrene. They have the best technical and operational characteristics.

From 25 to 40% of the heat is lost through the non-insulated coating of the house. A prudent owner, seeking to optimize heating costs, understands that roof or attic floor insulation is a direct way to save money. In this article, we will look at how to properly insulate the ceiling under a cold roof.

insulate attic floor can be done in two ways:

1. Insulated the ceiling from the side of the premises.
2. Insulating the ceiling from the side of the cold attic.

Professionals consider ceiling insulation from below not the most the best way out the following reasons:

• Forced ventilation will be required.
• To insulate the ceiling, effective board materials with a high cost are needed.
• It is technically difficult to carry out the work.

The advantage of the method is the performance of work in any weather.

Thermal insulation of the floor from above has the advantages:

• It is more competent, from the point of view of building thermal physics.
• Wider choice of heaters.
• The work is much easier to do.

The disadvantage is the dependence on the outside temperature when working with some heaters.

The choice of insulation

When choosing how to insulate the ceiling, it is necessary to take into account the following indicators:

• Thermal resistance.
• Vapor permeability.
• Hygroscopicity.
• Flammability group.
• Volume weight.
• Resistance to UV radiation.
• Durability.
• Safety for human health.
• Price.
• The possibility of laying without involving a team of builders and renting special equipment.

To insulate the ceiling from below, you can use the following materials:

• mineral wool insulation - hard, semi-rigid slabs or soft mats based on basalt or stone fiber;
• expanded polystyrene boards - foamed or extruded;
• polyurethane foam boards;
• linen slabs.

Insulation from the attic provides the widest choice of materials. This:

• All types of mineral wool insulation - from stone, basalt wool, slag wool, glass wool.
• Thermal insulation materials from flax - plates and mats.
• Expanded polystyrene boards - foamed, extruded, graphite-containing.
• Polyurethane thermal insulation - plates and liquid polyurethane foam.
• Bulk insulation - expanded clay, vermiculite, gas silicate.
• Sprayed liquid compositions - ecowool, polystyrene.
• Environmentally friendly natural insulation - sawdust, straw, reeds, clay.

Mineral wool insulation

These heaters are effective, non-flammable, vapor-permeable, resistant to sunlight, durable, but absorb moisture and lose their thermal insulation qualities. When laying on top of the ceiling or insulating the ceiling, a vapor barrier of the material from below and a waterproofing from above are required.

Slag wool is a very cheap TIM, but it is made from blast furnace waste and may contain residual radiation. Before buying, radiation control of the material is required.

Glass wool is effective, but during installation, its threads form dust that is dangerous for the respiratory system and skin, and its use in housing is highly undesirable.

Linen thermal insulation

TIM from flax waste - environmentally friendly pure material, which is close to mineral wool in terms of performance, but has an undeniable advantage - even absorbing up to 30% moisture, but does not lose its heat-insulating qualities.

The only negative is the cost is higher than that of the miniplate.

Expanded polystyrenes

Various types of polystyrene foam are an excellent heat-insulating material that has two unpleasant qualities - rodents settle in it, and therefore it requires special protection, and in a fire it emits toxic smoke, although it does not support combustion. The use of expanded polystyrene indoors requires protection with non-combustible cladding.

polyurethane foam

Plates and sprayed foam insulation are by far the most effective heat insulator: they do not absorb moisture, are not afraid of rodents, and are environmentally friendly. Among the disadvantages are the high cost and the need to rent special equipment for spraying.

Bulk insulation

Expanded clay, vermiculite, gas silicate - non-combustible bulk thermal insulation materials ubiquitous, low cost. Disadvantages - absorb moisture, insufficiently effective and heavy.

For thermal insulation of the attic floor in a residential building in middle lane Russia will have to fill in a layer 40…50 cm thick with a bulk weight of 200–300 kg/m3. The reinforced concrete slab will withstand such a load, and the ceiling wooden lags will have to be reinforced.

Liquid heaters

Ecowool is used for thermal insulation of the attic quite often - the material has proven itself well, although it requires special equipment for spraying.

The introduction of flame retardants into the composition of ecowool and polystyrene reduces the combustibility of materials, which makes them safer.

Natural heaters

Natural heaters of local origin, such as straw, reeds, flax, sawdust, clay do not cost anything, or cost a penny, this is their main advantage. The use of these materials will not harm nature and humans, but they are ineffective - you have to lay a thick layer, rot, mice start up in them, they are short-lived.

Use of these materials is desirable, as a last resort.

Underfloor ceiling insulation

How to properly insulate the ceiling in the house? There are several ways to perform insulation from below:

• With the help of a wooden crate.

• On anchors with subsequent plaster on the grid.

• On anchors with plasterboard lining.

The layered construction with the crate device looks like this:

1. Bearing beams of the attic floor.
2. Draft floor.
3. A waterproofing membrane fixed to the beams with a crate mounted in a direction perpendicular to the beams.
4. In the cells of the crate, the plates of the insulating material are placed on the glue.
5. A layer of vapor barrier is attached to a double-sided vapor-permeable adhesive tape.
6. The filing is carried out with plasterboard, chipboard, OSB or clapboard.

For insulation from the bottom of a reinforced concrete slab, you can use the second technology:

1. Anchors are shot on the ceiling with dowels in a checkerboard pattern after 300 mm.
2. Insulation plates wrap vapor barrier material, fixing the edges on double-sided vapor-permeable tape.
3. The insulation is put on the anchors, the anchors are bent.
4. Mount the plaster mesh, tying it with wire to the anchors.
5. Perform plaster on the grid.

The third technology differs from the second one in that after the installation of the heat insulator, guides of the metal frame are attached to the anchors for plasterboard sheathing.

Attic floor insulation technologies from above

In the case of insulation from the attic side, the structure looks like this:

1. Floor load-bearing beams, if necessary, increasing the height of the beams by installing additional wooden bars.
2. Draft floor.
3. Laying the vapor barrier layer with a continuous sheet, with an overlap of 10 ... 15 cm, with fastening on a double-sided vapor-permeable adhesive tape.
4. Laying TIM - slab, mats or bulk.
5. The waterproofing layer is a membrane or a material based on a bitumen-polymer.
6. Air gap - 40 mm.
7. Laying of walking decks.

The height of the load-bearing floor beams in this structure must be at least 40 mm higher than the thermal insulation.

Insulation with bulk material on the floor will have the following form:

1. Floor slab.
2. Vapor barrier.
3. Bulk thermal insulation.
4. Polyethylene film.
5. Boardwalk.

You can insulate the attic floor with a mixture of clay and sawdust. To keep the heat in the house, you will need a TIM layer 20 ... 30 cm thick. To prepare a sawdust-clay mixture, you will need a concrete mixer.

• 4 ... 5 buckets of clay are poured into a barrel of water or into another container, stirred until completely dissolved;
• the mixture is poured into a concrete mixer, sawdust is added;
• stir by adding water;
• the mixture is poured onto a layer of vapor barrier material.

Drying, the mixture may crack, the cracks are covered with clay.

Conclusion

There are a large number of technologies for warming cold ceilings; a variety of materials can be used for work. There is nothing difficult or impossible in insulating the ceiling with your own hands, although an assistant may be needed.